Lecture 1

Question 1

What is motor development?

Answer 1

change in movement abilities over time

Question 2

Motor development is…

Answer 2

• continuous (functional capacity)
• correlated with age
• sequential (orderly, irreversible)

Question 3

Developmental epoch:

Answer 3

• a period of time over which development happens

- relative to chronological age

Question 4

Prenatal stage:

Answer 4

conception - birth

Question 5

Infancy stage:

Answer 5

birth - 2 years

Question 6

Early childhood stage:

Answer 6

2-6 years

Question 7

Later childhood stage:

Answer 7

6-12 years

Question 8

Adolescence stage:

Answer 8

12-18 years

Question 9

Adulthood stage:

Answer 9

18-50 years

Question 10

Older adulthood stage:

Answer 10

50-70+ years

Question 11

Reflexive phase:

Answer 11

3 month fetus - 6 months

Question 12

Rudimentary phase:

Answer 12

birth - 2 years

Question 13

Fundamental movement phase:

Answer 13

2-6 years

Question 14

Sport skill phase:

Answer 14

6-12 years

Question 15

Growth and refinement phase:

Answer 15

12-18 years

Question 16

Peak performance phase:

Answer 16

18-50 years

Question 17

Regression phase:

Answer 17

50-70+ years

Question 18

Motor learning:

Answer 18

relatively permanent gains in motor skill capability associated with practice or experience

Question 19

Motor control:

Answer 19

the neural, physical, and behavioural aspects of movement

Question 20

3 approaches to motor development.

Answer 20

• precision of movement
• distinctiveness of beginning and end
• stability of environment

Question 21

Precision of movement consists of:

Answer 21

gross and fine motor skills

Question 22

Distinctiveness of beginning and end consists of:

Answer 22

• discrete (eg. javelin)
• continuous (eg. locomotion)
• serial

Question 23

Stability of environment consists of:

Answer 23

• open (swim in ocean)

- closed (pool)

Question 24

3 constraints in Newell’s model of constraints:

Answer 24

• individual constraints
• task constraints
• environmental constratins

Question 25

2 types of environmental constraints:

Answer 25

• structural constraints

- functional constraints

Question 26

Individual constraints means ____ the body (_____).

Answer 26

• inside

- internal

Question 27

Structural constraints are related to…

Answer 27

the body’s structure

Question 28

Examples of structural constraints:

Answer 28

• height

- muscle mass

Question 29

Functional constraints are related to…

Answer 29

behavioural function

Question 30

Examples of functional constraints:

Answer 30

• attention

- motivation

Question 31

Environmental constraints:

Answer 31

• outside the body
• properties of the world around us
• global, not task specific

Question 32

Physical environmental constraints:

Answer 32

• gravity

- surfaces

Question 33

Sociocultural environmental constraints:

Answer 33

• gender roles

- cultural norms

Question 34

Task constraints are _____ to the body.

Answer 34

external

Question 35

Task constraints are related specifically to _____ or _____.

Answer 35

• tasks

- skills

Question 36

Give 3 examples of task constraints:

Answer 36

• goals of task
• rules guiding task performance
• equipment

Question 37

Longitudinal study design:

Answer 37

• an individual or group is observed over time

- study can require lengthy observation

Question 38

Cross-sectional study design :

Answer 38

• individuals or groups of different ages are observed

- change is inferred, not actually observed

Question 39

Sequential or mixed longitudinal study design:

Answer 39

mini longitudinal studies with overlapping ages