Chapter 18 Lecture

Question 1

Punt:

Answer 1

a form of kicking where an object is dropped from the individual’s hands before impact with the foot

Question 2

Newell’s model of constraints:

Answer 2

• individual constraints (structural, functional)
• task constraints
• environmental constraints

Question 3

Main assumption of ecological approach:

Answer 3

motor skills, movement form, performance outcomes are results of dynamic interaction between 3 constraints

Question 4

ETA =

Answer 4

ecological task analysis

Question 5

4 steps of the ETA:

Answer 5

1. establish task goal
2. structure the environment to allow for choice in movement
3. manipulate/establish boundaries
4. instructional strategies

Question 6

Fundamental differences between the ecological and developmental approach:

Answer 6

not as focused on normalized motor skills

Question 7

Following the ecological approach - tasks are categorized by ____ and _____ (_____ _____ categories), not specific ____ ____.

Answer 7

• function
• intention
• functional task categories
• motor skills

Question 8

What are the functional/general task categories?

Answer 8

• locomotion (on land and in water)
• object manipulation
• object propulsion
• object reception
• postural maintenance and orientation

Question 9

Step 1: 3 components of the task goal:

Answer 9

• functional task category
• task condition
• task criteria

Question 10

Task condition:

Answer 10

specific characteristics that influence the form of a task

Question 11

Task criteria:

Answer 11

how performance of a particular task is assessed (can either be qualitative or quantitative)

Question 12

Example: students will propel (…) at object at a target (…) and hit the target 8 times in a row (…).

Answer 12

• functional task category
• condition
• criteria

Question 13

Example: propel a baseball (…) from first to third base (…) before runner reaches third base (…).

Answer 13

• functional task category
• condition
• criteria

Question 14

Example: move (…) from one end of the gym to another (…) before being tagged by the person that is chasing you (….).

Answer 14

• functional task category
• condition
• criteria

Question 15

Step 2: once the ___ ___ has been established, structure the environment so that the participant can ____/____ the motor skill and movement form that best suits their ____ _____.

Answer 15

• task goal
• choose/explore
• individual needs

Question 16

Step 3: instructor manipulates _____ ____ to increase or decrease _____ for the participant.

Answer 16

• relevant variables

- difficulty

Question 17

Step 3: manipulate only ____ variable at a time.

Answer 17

one

Question 18

Step 3: ____ ____ is not necessary at this point.

Answer 18

direct instruction

Question 19

Step 3: ____ how the participant ____ ____ on their own.

Answer 19

• observe

- problem solves

Question 20

Step 4: ____ ____ occurs if necessary.

Answer 20

direct instruction

Question 21

Step 4: vary level of _____.

Answer 21

intrusion (least to most)

Question 22

Step 4: types of instruction include:

Answer 22

• verbal
• visual
• passive movement (physical manipulation)

Question 23

ETA in adapted PA: tasks are categorized by ____ and ____, not ____ ____ ____.

Answer 23

• function
• intention
• specific motor skill

Question 24

ETA in adapted PA: participant _____ are considered.

Answer 24

characteristics

Question 25

ETA in adapted PA: emphasizes participant _____ and _____.

Answer 25

• choice

- empowerment

Question 26

ETA in adapted PA: the goal is not ______ (…).

Answer 26

• normalization

- not as concerned with the particular motor skills or movement patterns that are used to achieve this goal

Question 27

ETA in adapted PA: all activity patterns are done with…

Answer 27

the same functional task goal in mind

Question 28

ETA in adapted PA: tries to maximize _____, not trying to promote ____ ____ ____.

Answer 28

• participation

- equal skill level