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Physio 202 Lecture > Lecture 1 Unit 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three components in the cardiovascular system

A
  • heart
  • blood
  • blood vessels
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2
Q

what does the heart do in the cardiovascular system

A

-acts as a pump to propel blood

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3
Q

what does the blood do in the cardiovascular system

A

moves through tubes called blood vessels

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4
Q

what do blood vessels do

A

conduct blood throughout the body

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5
Q

what is the path blood travels?

A

heart> arteries > capillaries > veins > heart

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6
Q

what are the two cardiovascular circuits

A
  1. systemic circuit

2. pulmonary circuit

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7
Q

what does the systemic circuit do?

A

carries oxygen and nutrients to the cells of our body

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8
Q

what does the pulmonary circuit do?

A

reloads blood with oxygen

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9
Q

how many trips through the heart before returning to the same place?

A

2

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10
Q

each side of the heart contains what two things?

A

an atrium and a ventricle

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11
Q

what blood does the systemic circuit carry

A

oxygenated blood (arterial blood)

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12
Q

where does the systemic circuit begin and end

A

begins with the left ventricle of the heart and ends with the right atrium

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13
Q

how does blood distribute in the systemic circuit

A

in a parallel manner

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14
Q

what are the major recipients of blood in the systemic circuit

A

kidneys, GI system, skeletal muscle, brain, skin, heart, liver, bone

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15
Q

does the systemic circuit use arteries or veins

A

arteries

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16
Q

does the pulmonary circuit use arteries or veins

A

veins

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17
Q

what type of blood does the pulmonary circuit carry

A

deoxygenated blood (venous blood)

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18
Q

what happens in the pulmonary circuit

A

deoxygenated blood is carried to the lungs where it is reloaded with oxygen before returning to the heart

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19
Q

what happens in the systemic circuit

A

oxygenated blood in carried to body cells/tissues/organs

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20
Q

where does the pulmonary circuit begin and end

A

begins with the right ventricle fo the heart (ejects blood into the pulmonary trunk) and ends with the left atrium (collects the returning blood)

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21
Q

in order for the pulmonary circuit to function correctly what does it also require proper function of?

A

the respiratory system

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22
Q

what is cardiac output

A
  • the amount of blood pumped by a ventricle per unit time (measured in L/min)
  • same for both systemic and pulmonary circuits
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23
Q

what is Cardiac output under resting conditions

A

5 L/min

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24
Q

what is the heart primarily composed of

A

cardiac muscle

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25
Q

how many chambers does the heart have

A

4

26
Q

how does the heart direct blood flow

A

4 valves

27
Q

how is the heart supplied with blood

A

by the first two arteries formed off of the aorta

28
Q

what are the four chambers of the mammilian heart

A
  1. the right atrium
  2. left atrium
  3. right ventricle
  4. left ventricle
29
Q

how do the atria and the ventricles operate

A

the atria receive blood and the ventricles force blood out of the heart into systemic and pulmonary circuits

30
Q

which ventricle has more muscle? why?

A

left due to difference in workload

31
Q

how many “one way” heart valves are there

A

4

32
Q

what do heart valves ensure

A

that blood flows through the heart in only one direction

33
Q

where are the heart valves located and what are they called

A

there are two between the atria and ventricles (left and right atrioventricular valves)

34
Q

where are the two semilunar valves located

A

one between LV and aorta and the other between RV and pulmonary trunk

35
Q

what is another name for the left atrioventricular valve

A

the bicuspid calve or mitral valve

36
Q

what does the left AV valve do

A

separates the left atrium and left ventricle

37
Q

what is another name for the right AV valve

A

the tricuspid valve

38
Q

what does the right AV valve do

A

separates the right atrium and right ventricle

39
Q

what are chordae tendinae

A

tendons in the tissue flaps of the AV valves

40
Q

where do chordae tendinae attach

A

the valve cusps to the inner ventricular walls

41
Q

what do chordae tendinae prevent

A

prolapse of the valves into the atria during ventricular contraction

42
Q

what do papillary muscles do

A

regulate tension in the chordae tendinae and contract simultaneously with the ventricles

43
Q

what does the aortic semilunar valve do

A

is separates the left ventricular chamber from the aorta

44
Q

what does the pulmonary semilunar valve do

A

separates the right ventricular chamber from the pulmonary trunk

45
Q

how do the AV valves open?

A

in a pressure-dependent manner, meaning that they open and close in response to pressure differences between the major vessels and the heart ventricles

46
Q

what is coronary circulation?

A

a part of systemic circulation that provides the heart tissue itself with blood

47
Q

what is the function of collateral routes (anastomoses)?

A

they ensure blood delivery to heart tissue even if major vessels are occluded

48
Q

What are the tissues of the heart supplied by?

A

blood from the right and left coronary arteries

49
Q

where does the right coronary artery originate?

A

the ascending aorta

50
Q

where does the left coronary artery originate?

A

the ascending aorta

51
Q

what does the right coronary artery supply?

A

the SA node, the AV node, parts of the right atrium, the interventricular septum, and both ventricles

52
Q

where does the marginal branch originate and what does it supply/

A

it originates on the right coronary and supplies The anterior portions of the right ventricle

53
Q

where does the posterior interventricular branch originate and what does it supply?

A

it originates on the right coronary and supplies the posterior portions of both ventricles

54
Q

what does the left coronary artery supply?

A

the SA node, parts of the left atrium, the interventricular septum and both ventricles

55
Q

what does the circumflex branch supply?

A

the left atrium and posterior regions of the left ventricle

56
Q

what does the anterior interventricular branch supply and where does it originate?

A

it originates from the left coronary and supplies the anterior portions of both ventricles

57
Q

what is the functions of the great cardiac vein?

A

drains the anterior heart

58
Q

what is the function of the middle cardiac vein?

A

drains the posterior heart

59
Q

where do both the great cardiac vein and the middle cardiac vein drain?

A

into the coronary sinus

60
Q

where does the coronary sinus drain?

A

into the right atrium

Physio 202 Lecture (38 decks)

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