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Physio 202 Lecture > Lecture 20 Unit 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 20 Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what does antibody mediated immunity rely on?

A

-the TCRs of Th cells and BCRs on B cells

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2
Q

What does antibody mediated immunity defend the body against

A

pathogens that live outside of our cells

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3
Q

what does antibody mediated immunity only recognize?

A

foreign antigens thats presented by MHC II proteins

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4
Q

what is the role of BCRs of B cells?

A

they are required for antigen binding, endocytosis, processing and presentation via MHC II proteins

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5
Q

what is the role of TCRs in Th cells

A

they are required for recognition of foreign antigen

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6
Q

how does each new B cell possess a unique pair of genes for its BCR

A

through genetic recombination

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7
Q

what do BCRs contain?

A

two copies of a unique variable region

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8
Q

what do the unique variable regions in BCRs do?

A

they can potentially bind to specific unprocessed foreign antigen

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9
Q

what happens when BCRs don’t bind to an unprocessed self antigen

A

BCRs become tolerant of our own proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and polysaccharides

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10
Q

through what cell does antigen presentation occur?

A

a B cell

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11
Q

through what cell does antigen recognition occur?

A

a Th cell

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12
Q

through what cell does activation occur?

A

a B cell through costimulation by a Th cell

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13
Q

through what cell does proliferation and differentiation occcur

A

a B cell

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14
Q

through what cell does action occur?

A

antibodies produced by plasma cells

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15
Q

what do BCRs do in antigen presentation?

A

naive B cells bind to free antigen in lymph or interstitial fluid and process it for presentation

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16
Q

how is the free antigen Brough to the cell in antigen presentation?

A

via endocytosis , it is processed then presented via MHC II

17
Q

What happens in antigen recognition?

A

a Th cell interacts with MHC II antigen complex and if binding is tight Th cell secretes cytokines in order to activate the B cell

18
Q

what happens in activation

A

activated B cells proliferate into a clone and differentiate into plasma cells and memory B cells

19
Q

What happens in proliferation and differentiation?

A
  • plasma cells secrete antibodies with the exact same antigen specificity as the original B cell
  • memory B cells are produced
20
Q

What happens in action with effector B cells?

A

they do not leave the lymphatic system but the antibodies they produce do leave and circulate

21
Q

where do antibodies travel?

A

throughout the body extracellular fluids where they will attach to the same antigen that triggered their production

22
Q

what do antibodies do to antigens?

A

inactivate it and tag it for desctruction

23
Q

what are defensive mechanisms used by antibodies?

A
  1. neutralization
  2. immobilization
  3. agglutination
  4. precipitation
  5. complement fixation
  6. enhancement of phagocytosis
24
Q

what happens in neutralization?

A

antigen blocks effects of toxins or prevents its attachment to body cells

25
Q

what happens in immobilization?

A

bacteria becomes immobilized by attacking cilia/flagella

26
Q

what happens in agglutination and precipitation?

A

agglutination and precipitation antigens by cross linking them causing clumping and precipitation

27
Q

how is phagocytosis enhanced?

A

through precipitation, complement activation or opsonization

28
Q

what are antibodies also called

A

immunoglobulins

29
Q

what are the two parallel protein chains that make up antibodies?

A

light and heavy

30
Q

what does each chain in proteins have?

A

a constant region and a variable region

31
Q

what does the unique variable region make up?

A

the antigen binding site

32
Q

what are the 5 major antibody types

A

immunoglobulin G, E, D, M, A

33
Q

how much do IgG make up of antibodies and where do they go?

A

75%. only antibodies that cross the placenta

34
Q

where are all types of antibodies passed?

A

breast milk

35
Q

what is the primary response?

A

following initial contact with the antigen it takes several days before the antibody concentration in the serum rises

36
Q

what cells remain in the blood even though the antibody levels are no longer elevated?

A

memory B cells

37
Q

what is the secondary response

A

upon re-exposure to the same antigen the increase in antibody concentration is fast and intense because of each memory cell

Physio 202 Lecture (38 decks)

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