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Physio 202 Lecture > Lecture 23 Unit 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 23 Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

does the posterior pituitary synthesize hormones

A

no

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2
Q

what type of neurons foes the posterior pituitary gland consist of

A

hypothalamic neurons

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3
Q

what do hypothalamic neurons release?

A

ADH and Oxytocin

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4
Q

what does the posterior pituitary gland contain

A

resembles neural tissue with glial cells, nerve fibers, nerve endings, and neurosecretory vesicles

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5
Q

where are ADH and oxytocin stored after being made in the hypothalamus?

A

neurosecretory vesicles

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6
Q

Where is ADH produced and why?

A

in supraoptic nucleus in the hypothalamus in response to signals from osmoreceptors

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7
Q

what does ADH do

A
  • prevents diuresis
  • prevents water loss in sweat glands
  • causes constriction of arterioles
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8
Q

what is diuresis

A

decreased urine production by stimulating the kidneys to return more water back to the blood

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9
Q

when is ADH released from posterior pituitary

A

dehydration or high osmolarity of blood

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10
Q

when is ADH inhibited from leaving the posterior pituitary

A

over hydration or low osmolality of blood

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11
Q

what is ADH release inhibited by?

A

alcohol

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12
Q

what does lack of ADH result in

A

diabetes insipidus

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13
Q

what happens in diabetes insipidus

A
  • inability of the kidney to conserve H2O

- excessvie urination

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14
Q

where in the hypothalamus is oxytocin produced

A

cells in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus

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15
Q

what are the target tissues of oxytocin

A

uterus during labor and mammary glands after delivery

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16
Q

what causes the stretch of cervix

A

stimulation of uterus by babys head

17
Q

what happens to the positive feedback loop after the baby is born

A

it ceases

18
Q

what happens as the baby pushes further and further out

A

more and more oxytocin is released

19
Q

what is oxytocin effect on mammary glands

A
  • suckling and hearing babys cry stimulates oxytocin release

- oxytocin causes muscle contraction and milk ejection

20
Q

what is T3/T4 transport in blood attached to

A

thyroxine binding globulin

21
Q

what do thyroid hormones do

A
  • increase basal metabolic rate by stimulating the cellular use of O2 to produce ATP
  • increase synthesis of Na+/K+ ATPase
  • enhance some actions of sympathetic nervous system by up regulating beta receptors
  • stimulates growth during development
22
Q

what happens when thyroid hormones increase basal metabolic rate?

A

increased cellular catabolism of glucose, fatty acids, and triglycerides

23
Q

what happens when thyroid hormones increase synthesis of Na+/K+ ATPase?

A

more ATP is used to pump ions, so it produces heat raising body temp (called calorigenic effect)

24
Q

what happens when thyroid hormones enhance actions of sympathetic nervous system

A

increased heart rate, contractility, and blood pressure

25
Q

what does low levels of T3 and T4 stimulate the release of

A

thyroid releasing hormone

26
Q

what is goiter

A

enlarged thyroid

27
Q

what is goiter caused by

A
  • TSH levels are high so it stimulates growth of thyroid gland
  • usually due to dietary lack of iodine
28
Q

what can goiter be associated with

A

hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, or euthroidism

29
Q

what is the actual mechanism that causes goiter

A

dietary lack of iodine leads to low thyroid hormone production> stimulates TSH by negative feedback> stimulates gland growth

30
Q

what is calcitonin secreted by and what does it do

A

secreted by parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland and lowers blood Ca2+ levels by inhibiting osteoclasts

31
Q

what is parathyroid hormone secreted by and what does it do

A

secreted by chief cells of the parathyroid gland and raises blood Ca2+ levels by stimulating osteoclasts

32
Q

what does parathyroid hormone do

A
  • raises blood calcium levels
  • increases activity of osteoclasts
  • increases reabsorption of Ca2+ by kidney
  • inhibits reabsorption of phsophate
  • promotes formation of calciferol by kidney which increases absorption of Ca2+ and Mg2+ by intestinal tract

Physio 202 Lecture (38 decks)

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