Electrolyte Disirders Flashcards
How much sodium reabsorbed in proximal tubule
65%
Sodium controlled by
Renin angiotensin aldosterone system
Water controlled by
Osmolality/ vasopressin
Effects of ECF volume depletion
Cardiovascular
Tachycardia
Hypertension
Vasoconstriction
Effects of ECF volume depletion (renal effects)
Inc reabsorption of NA
Oliguria
Inc urea reabsorption
GFR maintained initially then decreases
Causes of water loss inc loss
Kidney
Diabetes insipudus
Hypernatraemia is
High level of sodium (145 mEq/L) +
Hypernatraemia water goes from ? To ?
Icf to ECF
Clinical manifestations if hypernatraemia
Thirst
Legarthy
Neurological dysfunction due to dehydration
Treatment of hypernatraemia
Dextrose based IV fluid
Oral solutions preferable
Desmopressin for diabetes insipidus
Hyponatraemia is
NA < 135 mol/lt
Hyponatraemia assosicayed with
Low osmolality
Hypovolaemia is
Loss of water
ECF volume decrease
Clinical symptoms of hyponatraemia
Neurological symptoms
◦ Lethargy, headache, confusion, apprehension, depressed
reflexes, seizures and coma
Muscle symptoms
◦ Cramps, weakness, fatigue
Gastrointestinal symptoms
◦
Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea
Hyponatraemia treatment
Hypertonic saline for severe hyponatraemia and neurological symptoms
IV NS in hypovolaemic patients
SIADH: fluid restriction, salt tablets, diuretics, tolvaptan
