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Inflammation > Overview principles Of Viral Infection > Flashcards

Overview principles Of Viral Infection Flashcards

1
Q

Essential components of a virus

A

DNA/RNA (NEVER BOTH)
capsid core
Polymerase protein

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2
Q

Non essential part of protein

A

Envelope

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3
Q

Characteristics of viruses used for classification

A

Type of acid (dna/rna)

Presence of lipid envelope

Symmetry of nucleocapsid

Number of strands of nucleic acid

Polarity of viral genome

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4
Q

Adenovirus is

A

Spread by GI or respiratory route

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5
Q

Cell functions required for viral propagation

A

Machinery for translation of viral mRNAs

Enzymes for replication of genome and assembly of new virions

Transport pathways to reach the sites of replication, viral assembly

Energy source

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6
Q

Types of capsid symmetry

A

Icosahedral
Helical
Complex

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7
Q

Envelope on virus decides what

A

Non enveloped viruses are stable in environment (transmitted by food or water)

Enveloped viruses - only survive transiently outside the host

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8
Q

Viral surface proteins do what

A

Attach to membrane proteins in host cell

Target for antibodies

Determinants of antibody specificity

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9
Q

Viral protein synthesis is completely dependent on

A

Cellular translation machinery

All viral genomes must produce MRNA to express viral proteins

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10
Q

Stages of infections disease progression

A

Incubation

Prodrome

Illness

Recovery

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11
Q

Imcubation

A

Time between exposure and onset of specific sign

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12
Q

Prodrome

A

Nonspecific constitutional symptoms occur

Not all infections have prodromol stage

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13
Q

Illness

A

Period in which clinical features of the infection manifests

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14
Q

Types of infection

A

Superficial

Systemic

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15
Q

Superficial infection is

A

Self limiting, microorganisms replicate in the epithelium at the site of entry and local damage caused

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16
Q

Systemic entry is

A

Replication of microorganism at multiple sites.

Infection of deeper tissues

Spread in body through lymph or blood

17
Q

Acute infection

A

Rapid onset with brief period of symptoms

Usually cleared in days

18
Q

Persistent infection

A

Pathogen not cleared the host following primary infection

Remains in tissues

19
Q

2 types of persistent infection

A

Latent - microorganism persists after initial clearance .
Can be symptomatic or asymptomatic on reactivation

Chronic: continued production of the infectious organism and immune evasion

Infected hosts are carriers

20
Q

Types of viral infections based on occurrence

A

Sporadic- occasionally

Endemic- continuously present in a population (hiv)

Epidemic- greater number of cases than normal in short period of time in area

Pandemic- epidemic disease but worldwide

21
Q

Nosocomial infections.

A

Any infection acquired in hospital or medical facility

22
Q

Common nosocomial infections

A 
Influenza 
Onto iris
Rsv
Chickenpox
Measles

Transmitted easily, can’t always. Be prevented by proper hand washing

23
Q

Determinants of pathogenisis: host

A 
Age
Underlying characteristics 
Genetic variation
Immunodeficiency 
Immune response 
Trauma/surgery
24
Q

Diagnostic virology

2 ways to test for virus

A

Direct tests presence

Indirect tests response

25
Q

Determinants of pathogenisis: tropism

A

Host range: refers to different species of host a given pathogen can infect

Tissue tropism- tissues than can be infected by pathogen.
Depends on the attachment

A permissive cells allows a pathogen to replicate. Lacks defence against pathogen

26
Q

Pathogenicity is

A

Ability of microbe to cause disease

27
Q

Virulence is

A

The level of pathogenicity in an microorganism

28
Q

Virulence depends on?

A

Tropism
Invasiveness
Production of factors that increase toxicity

29
Q

Difference between lethal dose and infectious dose

A

LD50- lethal dose- number of pathogens that kill 50% of an experimental group of hosts

Infectious dose ID50- number of pathogens that infect 50% of experimental group of hosts

30
Q

Super antigens are

A

Toxins that stimulate the immune system

Can bind to MHC II and stimulate many T cells

31
Q

Viral DNA / RNA detected how

A

NAAT A

Nucleic acid amplification technique (pcr)

32
Q

What do you do to detect RNA viruses

A

Use reverse transcriptase to mak e DNA then dna is identified

33
Q

Serological techniques

A

Add antigen to patient serum

If binding occurs then virus present

34
Q

What’s used. to inference acute infection

A

IGM first

35
Q

Control of viral infections

A

Public health

Immunisations

Antiviral therapies

36
Q

Classification of polymerase inhibitors

A

By nucleic targeta
DNA polymerase
RNA polymerase
Reverse transcriptase

By chemical structure

Nucleoside inhibitors
Nucleotide inhibitors
Non nucleoside inhibitors

37
Q

Adaptive immunisation types

A

Passive

Active

38
Q

Active adaptive immunity

A

Exposure to infectious antibody or vaccination

Inflammation (34 decks)

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