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Inflammation > Hospital Acquired Infections > Flashcards

Hospital Acquired Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Healthcare associated infection

A

Infection occurring as a result of healthcare activity,not incubating at the time of initial exposure

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2
Q

Most common HCAI

A 
Bacteraemia
UTI
Surgical site infection
C.difficile colitis
Hospital acquired pneumonia
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3
Q

Impact of HCAI

A

Morality 5k a year
Affect 10% of hospitalised patients (30% avoidable)

Extends visits

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4
Q

Why does HCAI rate increase over time

A

Treating older people

Invasive procedures
Prosthetic and implantable devices

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5
Q

Harder to treat resistant organisms

A

CRO have very few possible interventions

Resistant gram negatives are harder to screen than MRSA

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6
Q

What affects ease of transmission

A

Invasive device

High occupancy

Poor staffing ratio

Poor infection control

Multiple bed moves

Isolation facilities

Environmental hygiene

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7
Q

Sources of pathogens

A

Endogenous

Exogenous

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8
Q

Example of endogenous

A

Skin flora

Gut and urogenital flora

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9
Q

Exogenous examples

A

Acquired from
Hospital environment

Us and other patients

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10
Q

Ares staph.aures and s.epidermis harmful

A

Benign on the skin but can be harmful if they get into the blood

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11
Q

Resident flora

A

Protective function

Not easily removed by routine hand washing

Cause infection via skin breaks

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12
Q

Transient skin flora

A

Loosely attached to skin surface

Easily transferred by direct contact

Easily removed with routine hand hygiene

Most abundant around finger tips

Important source of cross infection

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13
Q

Modes of transmission

A

Contact

Respiratory

Common source

Vector borne

Vertical

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14
Q

Direct contact transmission

A

No intermediary

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15
Q

Indirect contact

A

Infected/colonised source contaminating environment which contaminates next individual

Eg. Skin cells, hair clothing, bedding

Pathogens can form biofilms on surfaces

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16
Q

Lines have risk of

A

Bacteraemia and disseminated infection

17
Q

Scale of line infections

A

Large

18
Q

Listaph infections often usually come from

A

Lines

19
Q

Line infection prevention

A

As to ask at insertion

Is line needed

  • wash ur hands
  • clean site

ANTT

20
Q

Difference between alcohol gel and soap and water

A

Alcohol gel kills bacteria twice as fast

21
Q

Alcohol doesn’t kill

A

Spore forming bacteria (c.diff)

22
Q

Most effective method of reducing HCAI and transmission of resistant organisms

A

Hand hygiene

23
Q

5 moments hand washing

A

Before patient contact

Before aseptic task

After body flui d exposure risk

After patient contact

After contact with patient surroundings

24
Q

How do bugs get in.

A

Catheters (mostly)

Inhalation of droplets or aerosols

25
Q

Loss of cuteous integrity can cause bugs to get in how?

A

Illnesss process: dermatological conditions

Nosocomial: surgical wounds

Central lines

Drains

26
Q

Important things about dipstick test

A

Don’t assume UTI just because of old, confusion and positive dipstick test

27
Q

Hospital acquired pneumonia

A

48-72 hour cut off excluding bugs incubating at admission

Hospital + antibiotics = gram negative nasopharyngeal colonisation

Confirm radiologically and microbiologically

28
Q

Environmental transmission

A

Food: salmonella

Water: cryptosporidium, legionella

Air: cryptococcus

29
Q

C.difficle is what type of transmission

A

Environmental

30
Q

C.difficile can be

A

Isolated from rooms of ex patients up to 40 days post discharge

31
Q

Risks of c..difficile acquisitions

A

Antibiotic exposure

Chemotherapy agents with antibiotic activity 
Co morbidity 
Major abdominal surgery 
Poor host igG response 
Burns o
Older age
32
Q

Antimicrobial and chemotherapeutic agents for c.diff diarrhoea or colitis

A

4 Cs

Cephalosporins
Co-amoxiclav
Clindamycin
Ciprofloxacin

33
Q

Reduce risk of c.difficile

A

Prudent antibiotic prescribing

Frequent clinical review

Hand hygiene

Environmental cleaning

Isolation

Personal protective equipment

34
Q

Reps transmission droplet:

A

20 micrometer
Measles
Influenza
Norovirus

35
Q

Aerosol

A

Suspended in air currents indefinitely
<5 micrometer so can penetrate alveoli

Chicken pox ,tb, norovirus

Generate a aerosol from vomiting, toilet flush or a macro meter

Inflammation (34 decks)

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