Pharmacology Of Type 2 Diabetes Flashcards
Meteor in is what type of drug
Biguanide
What’s food about metformin
Doesn’t effect other hormone releases
Metformin acts through?
AMP- dependant protein kinase so
AMP levels rise
Which inhibits adenylate cyclise/ activate AMPK
Effects of metformin
Absorbed from small intestine
Half life of 3 hours
Not bound to plasma protein(no drug on drug action)
Excreted unchanged in urine(no kidney problems)
Inhibit expression of genes involved in gluconeogenisis
Decrease hepatic glucose production
Biguanides side effects
Don’t cause
Hypoglycaemia
Stimulate appetite
Cause weight gain
Does cause
Diarrhoea nausea metallic taste
Lactate acidosis
Decreases intestinal absorption of folate and vitamin B12
Modern day sulphonylureas used for
Type 2 diabetes treatment
Sulphonylureas effects
Acutely- increase insulin release
Increase plasma insulin conc
Decrease hepatic clearance of insulin
Not clear how they work with chronic conditions
Meglitinides types
Repaglinide
Nateglinide
Meglitnides features
1 hour half life
More rapid, less sustained release, less potent than sulphonylureas
Take just before meal
Less hypoglycaemia
Close k+atp channels on B cells
Share w binding sites with sulphonylureas but have own distinct binding site
Glitazones inuse
Pioglitazone
Glitazones found where
Adipose tissue liver muscle
Glitazone downfalls
Takes 6-12 weeks for max effect to develop
Gliazone given how
Given with other drugs usually metformin or hypoglycaemic drugs
Incretin does what
Increases insulin release
Popular incretin
GIP
GLP1
