exam 3 =phonological deviation Flashcards
(35 cards)
Fronting
[posterior–>anterior]
gum –> [dʌm] (i.e., “key” becomes “tey”).
velars /k,g,ŋ/ are replaced by more anterior consonants
/k/ replaced by /t/
/g/ replaced by /d/
/ŋ/ replaced by /n/
Backing
[anterior–>posterior] tea-> [ki]
front sounds is substituted for a sound produced further back-daddy –> “gaggy”
anterior consonants are replaced by velars /k,g,ŋ/
/t/ replaced by /k/
/d/ replaced by /g/
/n/ replaced by /ŋ/
Stopping
leaf->[dip]
process in which stops are substituted by by fricatives (continuant resonant)
(manner of artic. change) the replacement of fricatives or affricates with a stop sound, “deep” for “jeep”
substitution of a “t, d, p, b, k” or “g” for “s, z, sh, f, v” or “th” (i.e., “zipper” becomes “dipper”).
Gliding
replacing a liquid /l/ /ɹ/ sound or any other consonants with a glide /w/ or /j/]
rock-> [wɑk]
“love” –>”wove” “run.–>wun”
process that affects liquids
vowelization
when a vowel is substituted by a vocalic liquid (affecting postvocalic liquids)
liquids /l/ or /ɹ/ are replaced by vowels
zipper-> [zɪpʊ]
hair –>”Hay-uh”
people –> “peopo”
vowel neutralization
syllabic liquid used instead of a vowel simple --> simpo able --> abuh paper --> papo table --> tabo yellow -> [jʌlʌ]
deaffrication
changing “ch” or “j” for another sound
chin –> “sin”
t͡ʃ –>ʃ
depalatalization
substituting an alveolar fricative s,z, for a palatal fricative sh and j (measure) cheek --> teek , matches -->matsiz, judge -->judz, jane -->dane shoe --> sue
How many Assimilations processes?
(6) labial nasal velar alveolar palatal liquid
labial assimilation
[regressive & progressive]
(Place of Artic)changing of a non labial sound to a labial (b,p,m,w) due to another labial sound in a word.
pen –> peb
smoke –> /fmoʊk/
regressive:later phoneme affects an earlier phoneme
ex: spoon–>[fpum]
progressive : earlier phoneme affects later phoneme
nasal assimilation
(Manner of Artic)
non-nasal sound is produced as a nasal sound due to the presence of a nasal phoneme within the same word,
“candy –>”nanny”
thumb–>[nʌm]
velar assimilation
(Place of Artic) a velar is substituted for a non-velar consonant because of a nearby velar sound
“dog” –> “gog”
duck–>[gʌk]
alveolar assimilation
(Place of Artic)changing a non alveolar sound to an alveolar (t,d,n,l,s,z). soup --> suit door --> dod toss --> tot cat-->[tæt]
liquid assimilation
liquid + liquid / non-liquid + liquid
yellow–>[lɛlo]
palatal assimilation
juice–>[dʒuʃ]
major substitutions
stopping fronting backing gliding liquid vowelization vowel neutralization affrication/deaffrication palatalization/depalatalization glottal replacement
syllable structure (context related) 7
Metathesis Migration Coalescence Reduplication Epenthesis Diminutive Cluster Creation
Metathesis
Metathesis occurs when two consonants within a syllable are placed in a different order. There is a reordering of the sequence of consonants (C) and vowels (V) within a syllable
mask–>[mæks]
Migration
When a consonant is moved to a different position in a word
smoke–>[moʊks]
Coalescence
replacement of 2 consonants by one new consonants that features the original 2
last–> “lath”
smoke–>[foʊk]
would you –> /wʊdʒu/
miss you –> / miʃu/
reduplication
Repetition of a complete (or incomplete) syllable water -->/wæwæ/ bottle -->/bæbæ/ basket-->[bæbæ] incomplete ex: music box -->/mumubɑ/
Epenthesis
A vowel is misplaced or inserted in a word, usually the schwa
ex: black –> “balæk”
Diminutive
sheep–>[Sipi]
horse –> horsie
cluster creation
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