8. Neoliberal Environments Flashcards

Question

When was the millennium ecosystem assessment

Answer 1

15 out of 24

Answer 2

Food, fresh water, wood and fuel

Answer 3

Aesthetic, spiritual, educational, recreational

Answer 4

Climate regulation, flood regulation, disease regulation, water purification

Answer 5

Nutrient cycling, soil formation, primary production

Answer 6

A system supplying public need such as transport communications or untilities such as electricity and water

Answer 7

Grazing, walking, bringing up young, poor cultivation

Answer 8

More efficient than command and control, ecosystem deterioration is caused by market failure

Answer 9

Reduced water services, loss of biodiversity, carbon emissions

Answer 10

Global initiative focussed on drawing attention to economic benefits of biodiversity

Answer 11

Released by government to assess environmental outcomes

Answer 12

Ian Cheshire

Answer 13

Labelling products that are eco oriented to encourage consumers to buy them

Answer 14

Government decides on priorities for conservation and implements targeted payment schemes

Answer 15

Makes people more resourceful

Answer 16

Wetlands banking

Answer 17

Brand name could not be used if nitrate content was above 4.5mg so payed farmers to change management teqnuqies

Answer 18

All of them had to agree so there was a | monopoly of power

Answer 19

18-30 year contracts up to 150,000 for each farm

Answer 20

Richtersveld, was leased from local communities by the government. In other words, the government paid the park’s neighbors to help deliver conservation outcomes

Answer 21

We should not commodify nature. We should not pay people to do what they ought to be doing anyway. Cash payments will ruin the economies and social fabric of poor rural communities

Answer 22

I have food because I pay someone to supply it. Why not pay someone to supply ecosystem services and biodiversity?

Answer 23

(PES) are easily scalable and clearly link conservation investments to conservation objectives. Like alternative livelihood interventions, PES programs materially reward rural households, thereby potentially alleviating poverty and reducing conflict between conservationists and rural communities

Answer 24

less than 24, 2006-2008 over 2 thousand

Answer 25

Win for the environment and for people (muradian 2013)

Answer 26

Pagos por servicios ambientales (PSA) costa rica

Answer 27

PES programs are voluntary. Thus the enrolled resources tend to be those with the lowest values in alternative uses,hus, without a careful focus on enrolling ecosystems threatened with exploitation, PES programs may generate little or no additional ecosystem services beyond what would have been provided without PES.

Answer 28

PES programs distribute money and other material benefits. Thus, in addition to conservation objectives, they often have political or social objectives, which may direct payments to households (Alix garcia, Wolf)

Answer 29

When participants enroll in a PES program, they likely will reallocate their labor and capital, including lands and resources not enrolled in PES, in ways to make themselves better off

Answer 30

In principle, PES are conditional: no conservation, no payment. In practice, however, monitoring and enforcing compliance can be expensive, both financially and politically.

Answer 31

In principle, payments can be tied directly to ecosystem service provision. In practice, however, tying them to actions rather than services can yield better economic outcomes and reduce monitoring costs

Answer 32

No empirical study has yet found that PES increased environmental damage. • No empirical study has yet found that PES decreased human welfare or increased social conflict.