8.1-8.2: Cell Division and Reproduction Flashcards
(16 cards)
Reproduction is characterized by what, differentiating it from non-living matter?
The ability to create their own kind. Ermines make ermines, blackwood trees make blackwood trees, etc.
What is reproduction, on the smallest level?
Cell division.
A cell divides. What is the original cell called, and what are the two resulting cells called?
Parent cell; daughter cells.
Why are the daughter cells identical to the parent cell?
When a cell divides, it duplicates its chromosomes. These chromosomes are distributed to a daughter cell.
True or false: cell division can be the reproduction of the entire organism.
True, for single celled-organisms, such as yeast.
Define asexual reproduction
The production of daughter cells from a single parent cell, without the usage of an egg or a sperm. The DNA of the parent cell is identical to that of the daughter cell.
Can multicellular organisms reproduce asexually?
Yes. An example is the process of “fragmentation.” Sea stars and plants use this process. If you chop off a leg of a sea star, it will grow into a new sea star.
Define sexual reproduction.
A process of reproduction that involves the fertilization of an egg by a sperm. Unique DNA, unlike asexual reproduction. The fertilized egg is called a zygote and cell division enables it to amass trillions of cells.
What are gametes? How many chromosomes do they have?
Egg and sperm. They only have half the amount of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Does cell division stop after one is fully grown?
No, cell division functions in “renewal and repair” in our bodies afterwards. For example, our epidermis (top layer of skin) has to replace dead skin cells constantly. (slough off). it keeps a relatively constant amount of cells within our body.
How many cells are divided per second? (general)
millions.
What is the type of cell division responsible for the “growth and maintenance of multicellular organisms”?
Mitosis.
What type of cell division is responsible for the production of egg and sperm?
Meiosis
End of 8.1 Question: what function does cell division play in an amoeba (single-celled protist)? What functions does it play in your body?
Reproduction; development, growth and repair.
How do prokaryotes divide?
Binary fission
What is binary fission?
The reproduction of a prokaryotes DNA (which is significantly simpler than eukaryotes– it one piece. However, it is very long). The singular chromosome reproduces, and the new DNA stretches to opposite ends of the cell. The plasma membrane grows inwards and the cell breaks apart.
