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Body logistics > Lecture 8- Early embryology 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 8- Early embryology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

how does one become a multicellular body?

A
  • growth
  • morphogenesis
  • specialisation
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2
Q

morphogenesis

A

development of form and structure

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3
Q

from fertilisation to birth (3 stages)

A

pre-embryonic
embryonic
fetal

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4
Q

pre-embryonic

A

weeks 1-2

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5
Q

embryonic

A

3 to 9

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6
Q

foetal

A

9 to 38

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7
Q

pregnancy weeks is calculated from

A

date of last menstrual period

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8
Q

where does fertilisation take place

A

ampulla of the fallopian tubes

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9
Q

fertilised oocyte is called a

A

zygote

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10
Q

where is the ideal place for the embryo to implant

A

posterior uterine wall

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11
Q

pre-embryonic weeks (1-2) weeks involves

A
  1. cleavage
  2. compaction
  3. Implantation begins
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12
Q

cleavage occurs

A

within 30h of fetilisation (day 2)

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13
Q

what is cleavage

A

first mitts division resulting in two blastomeres of equal size

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14
Q

zona pellucida

A

forms around zygote and morula

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15
Q

morula formed when

A

32 cells within structure

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16
Q

cells in the morula are said to be

A

totipotent

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17
Q

totipotent

A

potential to become any cell

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18
Q

compaction

A

formation of first cavity in morula (blastocoel)

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19
Q

during compunction which structure is formed

A

blastocyst

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20
Q

before compaction all cells are

A

totipotent

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21
Q

after compact cell become

A

pluirpotent

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22
Q

pluripotent

A

capacity to become many cells

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23
Q

during blastocyst formation what happens

A

o Cell differentiation starts

  • Trophoblasts- outer layer
  • Inner cell mass- foetus
24
Q

after compaction/ blastocyst formation the blastocyst

A

hatches (day 5) from zone pellucid

- can now enlarge and interact with uterine surface

25
Q

when doe implantation begin

A

day 6-7

26
Q

how many cells in conceptus at the beginning of implantation

A

around 100 cell

  • of these 8 will make the embryo
  • the rest will become fatal membrane
27
Q

what happens to the outer cell mass in week2

A

outer cell mass differentiates into syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast

28
Q

what happens to the inner cell mass

A

becomes bilaminar disk

- epiblast and hypoblast

29
Q

epiblast

A

structure which the amniotic cavity grows from

30
Q

hypoblast

A

cavity which the primitive yolk grows from

31
Q

by the end of the 2nd week

A

conceptus has implanted

the embryo and its two cavities (amniotic and yolk sac) will be suspended by connecting stalk within a supporting sac (chorionic cavity)

32
Q

chornionc cavity

A

support the conceptus

33
Q

connecting stalk

A

connect the embryo to the uterine wall

34
Q

syncytiotrophoblast

A

s the epithelial covering of the highly vascular embryonic placental villi, which invades the wall of the uterus to establish nutrient circulation between the embryo and the mother.

35
Q

cytotrophblast

A

is the inner layer of the trophoblast. It is interior to the syncytiotrophoblast and external to the wall of the blastocyst in a developing embryo

36
Q

chorionic villus

A

basic structural unit of metaneral- fetal exchange

- maternal blood flow within placenta (supports embryo)

37
Q

primitive yolk sac membrane Is pushed away from cytotrophoblast layer by

A

an acellular extra embryonic reticulum

38
Q

embryonic reticulum gets converted to

A

extraembyronic mesoderm by cell migration

39
Q

by the end of week 2 the maternal sinusoids will have

A

invaded the synncytiotrophoblasts

- Lacunae become continuous with sinusoilds

40
Q

when the lacunae become continuous with sinusoids

A

uteroplacenta circulation begins

41
Q

near the end of week2 what forms

A

a secondary yolk sac

42
Q

the secondary yolk sac is also called

A

the definitive yolk sac- pinches off from the primitive yolk sac

43
Q

connecting stalk is the

A

future umbical cord

44
Q

bleeding by the end of week 2 can be confused with

A

menstrual bleeding

45
Q

50% of zygotes are

A

lost within the first 2-3 weeks

46
Q

how many diagnosed pregnancies will miscarry

A

15%

47
Q

how many women suffer recurrent miscarriagee

A

1%

48
Q

aminiotic sac

A

Formed from spaces within the epiblast

49
Q

blastocoele

A

first cavity- formed as a result of compaction

50
Q

primitive yolk sac

A

exoelomic cavity

  • formed by hypoblast lining blastocoele
51
Q

secondary yolk sac

A

aka definitive yolk sac

- formed within primitive yolk sac

52
Q

extraembryonic coelom

A

aka chronionic cavity

- formed from space within the extracembryonic reticulum and mesoderm

53
Q

assisted reproductive technique

A

oocyte are fertilised in vitro and allowed to divide to the 4 or 9 cells take

54
Q

what is transferred into the women uterus

A

the morula

55
Q

benefits of assisted reproductive techniques

A

A cell can be safely removed from the morula and tested for conditions prior to transfer of the embryo into the mother

56
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

implantation at site other than uterine body

  • peritoneal or ovarian
  • life threatening emergency
57
Q

Placenta praevia

A

implantation in inferior uterine segment

  • can cause haemorrhage
  • requires C-section

Body logistics (39 decks)

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