Hyper/hypo Flashcards
What is hypernatraemia?
High sodium
What is hyperkalaemia?
High potassium
What is hypercalcaemia?
High calcium
What are the causes of hypernatraemia?
Renal failure, sodium excess, osmotic diuresis, diabetes insipidus = WATER DEFICIT
What are the consequences of hypernatraemia?
Cerebral intracellular dehydration as water leaves by osmosis
What are the causes of hyponatraemia?
Diursesis, Addison’s disease, excess IV fluids and oedema
What are the consequences of hyponatraemia?
Intracellular over hydration, hypotension due to osmosis, headache
What are the causes of hyperkalaemia?
Renal failure, diuretics/ ACE inhibitors, Addison’s disease, acidosis
What are the consequences of hyperkalaemia?
Risk of myocardial infarction
What are the causes of hypokalaemia?
Diarrhoea, vomitting, alkalosis, hypomagnesaemia
What are the consequences of hypokalaemia?
Weakness and cardiac dysrhythmia
What are the causes of hypercalcaemia?
Primary hyperparathyroidism, skeletal metastases, vit D toxicity and TB
What are the consequences of hypercalcaemia?
Metastatic calcification and kidney stones
What are the causes of hypocalcaemia?
Renal disease, vit D deficiency, intestinal malabsorption
What are the consequences of hypocalcaemia?
Tetany (spasms)
