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Phase 1 > Embryo development > Flashcards

Embryo development Flashcards

1
Q

What sperm protein activates the oocyte?

A

Phospholipase C zeta

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2
Q

What happens during activation of the oocyte?

A

It releases calcium from internal stores and this facilitates fertilization

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3
Q

What is the term for when male and female chromosomes pair at the centre of the cell?

A

Syngamy

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4
Q

What occurs during day 2-3 of embryo development?

A

Cleavage- divisions of the cells

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5
Q

What occurs during day 4 of embryo development?

A

Compaction

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6
Q

What happens during compaction of the embryo?

A

Cells flatten and maximise intracellular contacts. Tight junctions form.

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7
Q

What happens during day 5 of embro development?

A

Cavitation and differentiation

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8
Q

What happens during days 5-6 of embryo development?

A

Expansion

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9
Q

What happens during expansion of the embryo?

A

The fluid filled cavity at the centre expands, diameter increases, the zona pellucida thins

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10
Q

When does hatching of the embryo occur?

A

Day 6+

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11
Q

What layer does the embryo hatch through?

A

Zona pellucida

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12
Q

On what day does cellular differentiation occur?

A

Day 10

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13
Q

What are the phases of embryo implantation?

A

Apposition, attachment, invasion, decidual reaction, maternal recognition

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14
Q

What is apposition?

A

Unstable adhesion of the blastocyst to the uterine lining

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15
Q

What is attachment?

A

Stable adhesion of the blastocyst to the uterine lining

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16
Q

What is invasion?

A

When the trophoblast protrusions penetrate the endometrium and cells change to syncytiotrophoblast

17
Q

What is the decidual reaction?

A

Progesterone primed endometrial stromal cells adjacent to the blastocyst differentiate into decidual cells and secrete growth factors to support the embryo before the placenta is fully developed

18
Q

What occurs to allow for maternal recognition?

A

Leukocytes in the endometrial stroma secrete interleukin-2 which prevents maternal recognition of the embryo as a foreign body

19
Q

What is capacitation?

A

Reorganisation of the sperm cell membrane, resulting in the tail movement changing to propel the sperm forward

20
Q

What prevents multiple sperm entering the oocyte?

A

Influx of calcium in the oocyte causes the egg cell membrane to depolarise to prevent polyspermy

21
Q

What is the acrosome reaction?

A

Exocytosis of the acrosome to release the acrosomal contents of the sperm and exposing the inner acrosomal membrane proteins

Phase 1 (41 decks)

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