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Phase 1 > Pancreas > Flashcards

Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 parts of the pancreas?

A

Tail, body, neck, head, uncinate process

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2
Q

What is the arterial supply to the body and tail of the pancreas?

A

Pancreatic branches of the splenic artery

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3
Q

What is the arterial supply to the head, neck and body of the pancreas?

A

Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery from the gastroduodenal

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4
Q

What is the arterial supply to the head and uncinate process of the pancreas?

A

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery from superior mesenteric

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5
Q

What is the venous drainage from the body, neck and tail of the pancreas?

A

Splenic vein

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6
Q

What is the venous drainage from the head and uncinate process of the pancreas?

A

Superior mesenteric vein

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7
Q

At what week does insulin secretion begin?

A

Week 20

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8
Q

What parts of the pancreas does the dorsal bud give rise to?

A

Part of the head, neck, body and tail

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9
Q

What parts of the pancreas does the ventral bud give rise to?

A

Part of the head and the uncinaste process

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10
Q

What do PP cells secrete?

A

Pancreatic polypeptide

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11
Q

What do alpha cells secrete?

A

Glucagon

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12
Q

What do beta cells secrete?

A

Insulin

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13
Q

What do delta cells secrete?

A

Somatostatin

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14
Q

What are the exocrine secretions of the pancreas?

A

HCO3-, Zymogens, Digestive enzymes

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15
Q

What is the role of HCO3-?

A

Neutralises chyme in the duodenum

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16
Q

What stimulates HCO3- release?

A

Secretin

17
Q

What are the roles of zymogens?

A

Exist to protect pancreatic cells from autodigestion

18
Q

What is the key enzyme in activating zymogens?

A

Enterokinase

19
Q

What digestive enzymes are released by the pancreas?

A

Pancreatic lipase, trypsin, alpha amylase

20
Q

What inhibits the release of digestive enzymes?

A

Somatostatin

21
Q

What stimulates the release of digestive enzymes?

A

CCK

22
Q

What percentage of islet cells are alpha cells?

A

20%

23
Q

What percentage of islet cells are beta cells?

A

75%

24
Q

What percentage of islet cells are delta cells?

A

4%

25
Q

By what transporter does glucose normally enter the cell?

A

GLUT-2

26
Q

What does excess ATP within the cell cause?

A

Closing of the kATP channel, causing depolarisation, thus opening of the voltage gated Ca2+ channels

27
Q

What does an influx of Ca2+ in the cell cause?

A

Activation of insulin gene expression via CREB, and exocytosis of stored insulin

28
Q

What does binding of insulin to the insulin receptor cause within the cell?

A

Translocation of GLUT4, cell growth, protein synthesis, glycogen synthesis, glucose transport

29
Q

What is the average blood glucose levels?

A

About 99 mg/100ml

Phase 1 (41 decks)

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