26. Molecular Pathology 1

Question 1

What are the benefits of molecular pathology?

Answer 1

Better understanding of disease
Diagnosis, prognosis
New treatment
Predict how patient will respond to therapy
Screening

Question 2

What does immunohisochemistry detect?

Answer 2

Protein/antigens

Question 3

What is FISH useful to detect?

Answer 3

Translocations

Amplified genes

Question 4

What methods are used for DNA sequencing?

Answer 4

PCR

Next generation sequencing

Question 5

Which genes are involved in carcinogenesis?

Answer 5

Oncogenes
Tumour suppressor genes
Mismatch repair genes
Anti-apoptotic genes

Question 6

What is Volgelstein’s theory?

Answer 6

Multiple mutations are needed to cause cancer

Question 7

What is Li Fraumeni syndrome?

Answer 7

Born with one mutation in the p53 gene, second ‘hit’ is acquired over time

Question 8

What cancers are associated with Li Fraumeni syndrome?

Answer 8

Sarcoma
Leukaemia
Breast
Brain

Question 9

What is Lynch syndrome?

Answer 9

Abnormality in mismatch repair genes

Question 10

What cancers are associated with Lynch syndrome?

Answer 10

Colorectal and endometrial

Question 11

What are the benefits of arrays?

Answer 11

Can compare large numbers of cases at once

Question 12

What is bioinformatntics?

Answer 12

Analysis of data from gene or protein microarray studies