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KMMS > Vascular system > Flashcards

Vascular system Flashcards

1
Q

Name the key components of the vascular system (6)

A

Heart, arteries, arterioles, veins, venuoles, capillaries

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2
Q

Describe the flow of blood through the chambers of the heart

A

Right atrium - right ventricle - lungs- left atrium - left ventricle- aorta- systemic circulation

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3
Q

Name the histological layers that form the wall of a large elastic artery

A

tunic intima, media, adventita

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4
Q

What is an anastomosis?

A

Connections between various branches of an artery that can form an alternative route (collateral circulation) for blow flow if one branch is blocked

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5
Q

Define an end-artery

A

An “end” or terminal artery is an artery that is the only supply of oxygenated blood to an organ or tissue. It lacks anastamoses, so hypoxia will result if the sole arterial blood supply is blocked.

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6
Q

This is an abnormal dilation/bulge or ballooning of the wall of an artery. This may be due to weakness in arterial wall, either in developmental or acquired disease. It may rupture, causing severe bleeding, shock, and death.

A

Anyeurism

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7
Q

What is the functional role of the capillaries?

A

Transport. Nutrients and other essential materials pass from capillary blood into fluids surrounding the cells and tissue and waste products are removed.

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8
Q

Which chamber of the heart receives venous blood from the lower half of the body?

A

The right atrium

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9
Q

What is the name of the venous channel that returns venous blood from the lower half of the body?

A

Inferior vena cava

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10
Q

What is the name of the channel that brings the venous blood from the head and neck region to the heart?

A

Superior vena cava

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11
Q

What is the functional role of the pulmonary arteries?

A

Bring deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation

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12
Q

How is the nutrition and oxygenation of the arterial wall supplied?

A

Vasa vasorum

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13
Q

Large arteries _______ to form smaller arteries, while venuols _______ to form larger veins.

A

branch, join

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14
Q

Pulmonary circulation transports oxygen ____ blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

A

poor

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15
Q

Oxygen-____ blood is transported via the pulmonary ______ to the left atrium of the heart.

A

rich, veins

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16
Q

Some tissues contain very small vessles called __________ which link arterioles to the capillaries

A

metaarterioles

17
Q

Veins return deoxygenated blood to the ____ atrium of the heart

A

right

18
Q

Name the branches of the aortic arch:

A

Brachiocephalic
Right subclavian, Right common carotid
Left common carotid
Left subclavian

19
Q

Name the three types of arteries

A
  1. Elastic
  2. Muscular
  3. Arterioles
20
Q

What is another term for elastic arteries?

A

Conducting

21
Q

What is another name for muscular arteries?

A

Distribution

22
Q

Muscular or distribution arteries have more _______ _______ but less elastin than elastic arteries

A

smooth muscle

23
Q

What is the functio nof distribution arteries?

A

Deliver blood to individual organs

24
Q

Name two examples of elastic arteries

A

Aorta and pulmonary arteries

25
Q

Where is nitric acid synthesized (within the vascular system?)

A

In the endothelium

26
Q

The endothelium contains what type of cells?

A

Squamous empithelium

27
Q

The inferior vena cava and superior vena cava have a large tunica _______ layer, thickened by smooth muscle.

A

externa

28
Q

What vascular structures act as semi permeable membranes to allow for the diffusion of gasses and nutrients into the tissues?

A

capillaries

29
Q

Name the three different types of capillaries

A
  1. Continuous
  2. Fenestrated
  3. Discontinuous
30
Q

In this type of capillary, the endothelial cells are merged all the way around and very tightly linked

A

Continuous

31
Q

In this type of capillary, the endothelial cells partly overlap, creating slits in between the cells

A

Fenestrated

32
Q

What’s another name for discontinuous capillaries?

A

Sinusoidal

33
Q

What type of capillary has cells that are very spaced out, resulting in wide pores/fenestrations?

A

Discontinuous/sinusoidal

34
Q

What type of receptors detect pressure change in the blood vessels, and send stimuli to the control centre of the brain?

A

Baroreceptors

35
Q

What type of receptors detect levels of CO2 and O2 in the blood?

A

Chemoreceptors

36
Q

What chemical messenger/hormone plays a role in vasodilation?

A

Nitric oxide

37
Q

Which layer of blood vessels contains axons from the autonomic nervous system?

A

Tunica intermia/ smooth muscle layer

38
Q

Outline the transport of blood from the right ventricle, through the lungs, and back to the left atrium. (Include capillaries) -14 steps

A
  1. Right ventricle
  2. Pulmonary arteries
  3. Lungs
  4. Pulmonary veins
  5. Left atrium
  6. Left ventricle
  7. Aorta
  8. Arteries
  9. Arterioles
  10. Capillaries
  11. Venuoules
  12. Veins
  13. IVC/SVC
  14. Right atrium

KMMS (58 decks)

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