Screening for disease

Question 1

The goal of primary prevention is

Answer 1

prevention of disease onset

Question 2

The goal of secondary disease prevention is to

Answer 2

prevent disease progression

Question 3

The goal of tertiary prevention is to

Answer 3

minimise disability and complications in people with established disease

Question 4

Societal and structural interventions in preventing disease onset is considered what type of prevention?

Answer 4

Primordial prevention

Question 5

Wearing sunscreens and receving vaccinations fall under which category of prevention?

Answer 5

Primary

Question 6

Identifying and managing risk factors for people at risk of developing hypertension would fall into which category of prevention?

Answer 6

Primary

Question 7

“Preventing disease onset” is the goal of which stage of prevention?

Answer 7

Primary prevention

Question 8

“Preventing disease progression” is the goal of which stage of prevention?

Answer 8

Secondary

Question 9

In this stage of prevention, the goal is to manage the condition at an early stage

Answer 9

Secondary prevention

Question 10

Screenings such as breast screening, AAA, and neonatal hearing checks would generally fit into what category of prevention?

Answer 10

Secondary

Question 11

Checking a diabetic person’s feet for wounds would fall under which category of prevention?

Answer 11

Secondary

Question 12

Minimising disability and complications in people with established disease is the goal of what stage of prevention?

Answer 12

Tertiary

Question 13

Chronic disease management of diabetes or asthma is what type of prevention?

Answer 13

Tertiary

Question 14

Assisting someone with rehab after an MI or stroke is what type of prevention?

Answer 14

Tertiary

Question 15

Tests that look for conditions (diseases or risk factors) that are subclinical/asymptomatic are what type of tests?

Answer 15

Screening tests

Question 16

What is the most important factor in a screening test?

Answer 16

Sensitivity- picking up all positive cases

Question 17

What does a positive result on a screening test mean?

Answer 17

That the person MIGHT have the disease

Question 18

What is the most important factor in a diagnositc test?

Answer 18

Specificity (accuracy)

Question 19

Diagnostic tests are performed on people _______ symptoms of the disease, or people who have tested __________ on a screening test.

Answer 19

with, positive

Question 20

Screening tests should ideally be relatively _______

Answer 20

cheap

Question 21

Screening tests should have low risk of ______

Answer 21

harm

Question 22

Screening tests are done on people __________ symptoms

Answer 22

without

Question 23

Compared to screening tests, diagnostic tests

may be more _________
may be more _________
may have higher risk of _______

Answer 23

invasive, expensive, higher risk of harm

Question 24

What does a positive result on a diagnostic test mean?

Answer 24

That the patient most likely DOES have the condition

Question 25

The ability of a test to identify, correctly, all cases of people WITH the conditon (hint: pups)

Answer 25

Sensitivity (pups = “picking up positives”)

Question 26

The ability of a test to identify, correctly all cases of people WITHOUT the condition (ie non-cases)

Answer 26

Specificity

Question 27

A / A+C Measures the proportion of people with the condition with a positive test

Answer 27

Calculating sensitivity

Question 28

D / D+B Measures the proportion of people WITHOUT the condition with a negative test

Answer 28

calculating specificity

Question 29

A highly sensitive test means that most people _______ the condtion have been picked up.

Answer 29

with

Question 30

If a person tests NEGATIVE on a test that is highly SENSITIVE, you can be fairly certain that patient ________ have the conditon

Answer 30

doesn’t

Question 31

If a person tests POSITIVE on a test that is highly SENSITIVE, the patient ________ have the condition

Answer 31

might

Question 32

A highly SPECIFIC test means that most people who test POSITIVE _______ have the condtion

Answer 32

do

Question 33

If a person tests NEGATIVE on a highly SPECIFIC test, they could potentially ________

Answer 33

still have it

Question 34

What type of testing tends to pick up a lot of false positives?

Answer 34

A highly sensitive test

Question 35

What type of testing can sometimes miss positive cases (false negatives?)

Answer 35

A highly specific test

Question 36

This value represents the probability of having the disease with a positive test

Answer 36

Positive predictive value

Question 37

This value represents the probability of NOT having a disease with a negative test

Answer 37

Negative predictive value

Question 38

What is the formula for calculating positive predictive value?

Answer 38

A / A+B

Out of all the people who have tested positive for the condition, how many are true positives?

Question 39

What is the formula for calculating the negative predicitve value?

Answer 39

D / C+D

Out of all the people who have tested negative for the condition, how many are true negatives?