Pathology

Question 1

Describe the different routes by which infections are transmitted (6)

Answer 1

1. Contact
2. Droplets
3. Airborne transmission
4. Ingestion
5. Inoculation
6. Transplacental

Question 2

Influenza , Whooping cough, and Coronaviruses are typically spread through

Answer 2

Droplet transmission

Question 3

How long can aerosolised particles remain suspended in the air?

Answer 3

Several hours

Question 4

Tuberculosis and measles can be spread by

Answer 4

airborne transmission

Question 5

Salmonella bacteria is often transmitted by

Answer 5

ingestion

Question 6

Hepatits B and rabies are examples of diseases that are transmitted by

Answer 6

Inoculation

Question 7

Name two examples of diseases that have transplacental transmission

Answer 7

HIV and syphilis

Question 8

Transmission of infection that occurs through accidental sharps injury (such as a needlestick) or a bite is called

Answer 8

innoculation

Question 9

When a susceptible person comes in contact with contaminated (infectious) objects, this type of transmission is known as

Answer 9

indirect contact

Question 10

The two types of contact transmission are

Answer 10

Direct and indirect

Question 11

The key to stopping infection is to break the…

Answer 11

chain of transmission

Question 12

The period between infection and the onset of disease is known as the

Answer 12

incubation period

Question 13

The time from infection to infectiousness, or the time from exposure to symptom manifestation

Answer 13

Latent period

Question 14

An infection that is hidden, inactive, or dormant

Answer 14

Latency

Question 15

Name three examples of viruses that have a latent period

Answer 15

HIV, HSV, and EBV

Question 16

The invasion of an organism’s body tissues by disease-causing agents

Answer 16

Infection

Question 17

Infections can be either ______ or ________

Answer 17

acute or chronic

Question 18

When an infection continues beyond the time when the immune system should have cleared it, this is known as a

Answer 18

chronic infection

Question 19

A microorganism that causes, or can cause, disease

Answer 19

a pathogen

Question 20

This type of pathogens almost always cause disease

Answer 20

professional

Question 21

This is a type of microorganism is only pathogenic in immunocomprimised patients

Answer 21

opportunistic

Question 22

A microorganism that lives on, or in parts of the body without causing disease is considered

Answer 22

commensal

Question 23

True or false: Commensal microorganisms can be pathogenic in immunocompromised patients

Answer 23

true

Question 24

The disease-causing properties of the bacteria describe its

Answer 24

virulence

Question 25

The probability that an organism is causing disease when it is isolated from a patient is known as

Answer 25

pathogenicity