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Med Prep > pneumonia > Flashcards

pneumonia Flashcards

0
Q

Normal breath sound

A

Vesicular

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1
Q

Breath sounds heard in pneumonia

A

Bronchial sound

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2
Q

Tactile fremitus in pneumonia

A

Increased

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3
Q

Adventitious lung sounds

A 
Crackles
Wheezes or rhonchi
Stridor
Pleural rub
Mediastinal crunch
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4
Q

Adventitious sound:
It results from series of tiny explosions when small airways pop open, or air bubbles flowing thru the secretions or lightly closed airways during respiration

A

Crackles

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5
Q

Adventitious sound:

It occurs when air flows rapidly thru bronchi that are narrowed nearly to the point of closure

A

Wheezes or rhonchi

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6
Q

Adventitious sound:

Wheeze that is entirely or predominantly Inspiratory. It indicates partial obstruction of larynx or trachea.

A

Stridor

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7
Q

Adventitious sound:
Inflamed and roughened pleural surfaces grate against each other as they momentarily and repeatedly delayed by increased friction. Movement produce creaking sound

A

Pleural rub

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8
Q

Adventitious sound:

Series of precordial crackles synchronous with heart beat, not with respiration

A

Mediastinal crunch

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9
Q

Adventitious lung sound heard in pneumonia

A

Bacterial: crackles
Viral: wheezes

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10
Q

Percussion note in pneumonia

A

Dull in airless area

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11
Q

How to diagnose pneumonia

A
  1. Epidemiological aspect: Classify if CAP or HAP
  2. Age
  3. X-ray
  4. PE
  5. History
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12
Q

Acquiring infection in respiratory due to digestive bacteria

A

Aspiration

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13
Q

Aspiration may be obtained thru / by

A
  1. Unconscious person
  2. Drug overdose
  3. Sleeping
    .4. Repeated vomiting
  4. Lost of laryngeal/ pharyngeal muscle control
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14
Q

Dense area in the lungs

A

Consolidation, diffused

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15
Q

Most common COPD-associated pathogens in pneumonia

A

Haemophilus influenza

Moraxella catarrhalis

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16
Q

Viruses that cause pneumonia

A

Parainfluenza virus
Adenovirus
Influenza virus
RSV

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17
Q

Organisms that cause patchy infiltrates

A 
SAMPLE
Staph aureus
Anaerobes
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Pneumocystis jiroveci
Pseudomonas aeroginosa
Legionella pneumophila
E.coli
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18
Q

Organisms that cause lobar consolidation

A 
SHaKLaM
Strep.pneumoniae
H. influenza
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Mortadella catarrhal is
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19
Q

Common responsible organism in organ transplant patient

A

CMV

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20
Q

Most common alcohol-associated organism

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Strep. Pneumoniae

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21
Q

Most common CAP organism

A

Strep. Pneumoniae

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22
Q

Most common Atypical CAP organism

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

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23
Q

Most common influenza-associated CAP organism

A

Staph. Aureus

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24
Q

HAP organisms

A

Pseudomonas aeroginosa
E.coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Staph. Aureus

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25
Q

With characteristic rusty colored sputum

A

Step pneumoniae

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26
Q

With characteristic foul smelling sputum

A

Anaerobes

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27
Q

Mechanical and structural host defenses

A 
Cough/gag reflex
Airway branching
Mucociliary clearance
Nose
Normal oropharyngeal flora
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28
Q

Cellular host defense

A

Macrophage
Epithelial cells
Neutrophils

29
Q

Humoral/molecular/inflammatory host defense

A

IgG,IgA
Cytokines
Colony stimulating factor

30
Q

Lobes are heavy, red and boggy, contains proteinaceous exudates, neutrophils and bacteria.

A

Edema, congestion

31
Q

Infected lobe is liver-like in consistency. Packed with neutrophil, red cells and fibrin.

A

Red hepatization

32
Q

Lobe is gray, dry and firm because red cells are listed. Fibrin deposition is abundant

A

Gray hepatization

33
Q

Macrophages are dominant, inflammatory debris are cleared

A

Resolution

34
Q

Type of CAP. It is an infection by bacteria that multiply extracellularly in the alveoli and cause inflammation and exudation of fluid into air-filled spaces of alveoli

A

Typical pneumonia

35
Q 
Type of CAP:
Caused by viral and mycoplasma infections
Less striking symptoms and findings
No alveolar infiltration
No purulent sputum
No lobar consolidation
A

Atypical pneumonia

36
Q

Infection that begins outside the hospital or is diagnosed within 48 hrs after admission to the person who has not resided on a long term care facility for 14days or more before admission

A

CAP

37
Q

Typical CAP organisms

A 
PSSHaKe
Pseudomonas aeroginosa
Strep. Pneumoniae
Staph. Aureus
H.influenza
Klebsiella pneumoniae
38
Q

Atypical CAP organisms

A 
CaLMeR
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
Legionella pneumophila
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
RSV
39
Q

Diagnostic tests that use antigen tests in urine

A

Legionella and strep

40
Q

Low risk CAP

A 
CHEMMS
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
H. Influenza
Enterics
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Moraxella catarrhalis
Strep.pneumoniae
41
Q

Moderate risk CAP

A

CHEMMS + legionella and anaerobes

42
Q

High risk CAP

A

CHEMMS + anaaerobes, staph.aureus, p.aeroginosa

43
Q

HAP patients usually requires mechanical ventilation

A

True

44
Q

Use of accessory respiratory muscles

A

Nasal flaring
Chest and sub costal retractions
Shoulder elevation

45
Q

Signs and symptoms

A

Fever, cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, tachypnea, tachycardia, joint and muscle pain, headache, fatigue

46
Q

With characteristic abdominal pain, diarrhea and confusion

A

Legionella pneomonia

47
Q

With characteristic bloody (currant jelly) sputum

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

48
Q

Fungi that cause pneumonia

A 
BCCPH
blastomyces - found on soil and rotten wood
Coccidioides immitis 
Cryptococcosis neoformans - encap.yeast
Pneumocystis jiroveci
Histoplasma encapsulatum
49
Q

Empiric treatment, first line for CAP

A

Amoxicillin

50
Q

Encap.
NF of URT
Lobar consolidation
Optochin sensitivity

A

Strep pneumoniae

51
Q

Treatment for strep.pneumoniae

A

Pen G

52
Q

Encap.
Type B
Lobar consolidation
Chocolate agar (factor X, V)

A

H. Influenza

53
Q

Treatment for h. Influenza

A

Ampicillin

54
Q

Catalase (+) coagulate (+)
Patchy infiltrates
Blood agar

A

Staph.aureus

55
Q

Treatment for staph.aureus

A

Nafcillin

If resistant, vancomycin

56
Q 
Fecal-oral route
Alcohol abuse
Lobar consolidation 
EMB, Macconkey agar
Currant jelly sputum
A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

57
Q

Treatment for klebsiella

A

Cephalosporin

58
Q

Fecal oral route
Indole (+)
EMB, Macconkey agar

A

E.coli

59
Q

Treatment for e.coli

A

3rd gen cephalosporin

60
Q

Oxidase (+)
In immunocompromised pts
Resistant to many antimicrobial drugs
Patchy infiltrates

A

P.aeroginosa

61
Q

Treatment for p. aeroginosa

A

Anti pseudomonas cephalosporin

62
Q

Aspiration pneumonia
Mixed flora
Patchy infiltrates

A

Anaerobes

63
Q

Treatment for anaerobes

A

Clindamycin

64
Q

“Walking pneumonia”
Extensive patchy infiltrates
Complement fixation and cold agglutinin
Most common atypical CAP

A

M.pneumoniae

65
Q

Treatment for m.pneumoniae

A

Erythromycin

Tetracycline

66
Q

Catalase (+) oxidase (+)
Aerosolized water source, air conditioner
Patchy and lobar consolidation
High risks in smoking, immunocompromised and old age
BCYE agar

A

L.pneumophila

67
Q

Treatment for legionella

A

Erythromycin

Rifampin

68
Q

TWAR
Likes columnar epith cells
Elementary body, initial body
Infant pneumonia

A

C.pneumoniae

69
Q

Treatment for c.pneumoniae

A

Erythromycin

Doxycycline

70
Q

Treatment for moraxella catarrhalis and pneumocystis jiroveci

A

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

71
Q

Associated with cystic fibrosis and immunocompromised

A

P.aeroginosa

Med Prep (52 decks)

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