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Human Anatomy BIO244 > Urinary System Quiz > Flashcards

Urinary System Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

What do the kidneys filter?

A

wastes, toxins, excess ions

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2
Q

What do the kidneys regulate?

A
  • Blood pressure and volume
  • Blood cell synthesis
  • Vitamin D (Ca+)
  • Solute concentration
  • pH of extracellular fluid
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3
Q

What organs make up the urinary system?

A
  • Kidneys
  • Ureters
  • Bladder
  • Urethra
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4
Q

Where are the kidneys?

A

Between T12 and L3 in the retroperitoneal

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5
Q

What are the kidneys protected by?

A

Renal capsule
Perirenal fat
renal fascia

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6
Q

What makes up the internal kidney anatomy?

A

Outer cortex
Inner medulla
Calyces
Renal pelvis

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7
Q

What is the outer cortex of the kidney?

A

Space between the medulla and the outer capsule, contains most of the nephrons

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8
Q

What is the inner medulla of the kidney?

A

Includes renal pyramids and columns, majority of the length of the nephron loops

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9
Q

What are the minor calyces of the kidney?

A

surround the apex of each pyramid, urine formed in the kidney drains from renal paella into minor calyx

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10
Q

What is the renal pelvis of the kidney?

A

connects the kidney with the circulatory and nervous system

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11
Q

What is the order of arterial blood flow in the kidney?

A 
Aorta
Renal
Segmental
Interlobar
Arcuate
Cortical radiate
Afferent
Glomerulus
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12
Q

What is the order of venous blood flow in the kidney?

A 
Glomerulus
Efferent
Peritubular
Cortical radiate
Arcuate
Interlobar
Renal
Inferior vena cava
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13
Q

What is the glomerulus?

A

Cluster of capillaries around the end of the kidney tubule where waste products are filtered

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14
Q

What is Bowman’s Capsule?

A

Double-walled, cup-shaped dilation that surrounds the glomerulus and forms the beginning of the nephron

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15
Q

What is a nephron composed of?

A

Renal Corpuscle + Tubules

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16
Q

What is a renal corpuscle?

A

Glomerulus + Bowman’s capsule

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17
Q

What is a nephron?

A

smallest functional unit of the kidney (1 million)

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18
Q

What does a nephron do?

A

filters the blood, reabsorbs substances, excretes nitrogenous waste and excess water and salts in urine

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19
Q

What is a cortical nephron?

A

85% higher glomerular filtration

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20
Q

What is a juxtamedullary nephron?

A

15% longer loop of Henle, vital to the concentration of urine

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21
Q

What are podocytes?

A

highly specialized cells of the kidney glomerulus that wrap around capillaries and that neighbor cells of the Bowman’s capsule

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22
Q

What are filtration slits?

A

spaces between the pedicels on the glomerular basement membrane through which water, glucose, amino acids, and other chemicals pass as they become renal filtrate

23
Q

What are peritubular capillaries?

A

Tiny blood vessels, supplied by the efferent arteriole.

Travel along the nephrons allowing reabsorption and secretions between blood and lumen of nephron

24
Q

What is the renal tubule made up of?

A

Bowman’s capsule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule

25
Q

What is the proximal convoluted tubule?

A

functions especially in the resorption of sugar, sodium and chloride ions, and water

26
Q

What is the loop of Henle?

A

recovery of water and sodium chloride from urine

27
Q

What is the distal convoluted tubule?

A

sodium, potassium, and divalent cation homeostasis

28
Q

What is the basic process in a nephron?

A

the glomerulus filters your blood, and the tubule returns needed substances to your blood and removes wastes

29
Q

What makes up the kidney medulla?

A

Renal columns
Renal pyramids
Collecting duc

30
Q

What are the renal columns?

A

a medullary extension of the renal cortex in between the renal pyramids

31
Q

What are the renal pyramids?

A

mainly of tubules that transport urine from the cortical, or outer, part of the kidney, where urine is produced, to the calyces

32
Q

What are the collecting ducts of the medulla?

A

a series of tubules and ducts that physically connect nephrons to a minor calyx or directly to the renal pelvis

33
Q

What is the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A

specialized structure formed by the distal convoluted tubule and the glomerular afferent arteriole

34
Q

What do juxtaglomerular cells do?

A

BP
Filtration rate
Renin secretion
Thirst

35
Q

What is a macula densa?

A

Monitors Na+ of filtrate

36
Q

What is hydronephrosis?

A

Urine back flow from obstruction

37
Q

What is the trigone of the urinary bladder?

A

Smooth triangular region of the internal urinary bladder sensitive to expansion.

38
Q

What is the detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder?

A

Smooth muscle found in the wall of the bladder, contractions during urination

39
Q

What is the urethra?

A

transports the collected/stored urine out of the body

40
Q

What is the internal urethral sphincter?

A

Smooth muscle
Continuous with detrusor muscle
autonomic/involuntary

41
Q

What is the external urethral sphincter?

A 
Striated muscle
voluntary 
Females- distal inferior end
Males- inferior to prostate
Pudendal nerve - ventral horn( S2, 3 4)
42
Q

What are the makeup of urine?

A

95% Water

5% Solutes

43
Q

What is urochrome?

A

A product of the breakdown of hemoglobin, gives urine its yellow color

44
Q

What are healthy urine contents?

A

Nitrogenous waste
Electrolytes
Pigment

45
Q

What are abnormal urine contents?

A

RBC
WBC
Glucose
Keytones

46
Q

What does pale yellow/clear urine mean?

A

Healthy and hydrated

47
Q

What does bright yellow urine mean?

A

An excess of B vitamins

48
Q

What does red urine mean?

A

Blood

Beetroot/blackberries

49
Q

What does orange urine mean?

A

dehydration
drugs/medication
dietary factors (carrots)

50
Q

What does green urine mean?

A 
Phenol
Antidepressants
Dyes
Biliverdin (bile)
Infection
51
Q

What does brown urine mean?

A

Antipsychotics
Antibiotics
Phenytoin
Sennoside laxatives

52
Q

What does purple urine mean?

A

Porphyria

53
Q

What are the major calyces of the kidney?

A

Urine passes through the major calyx before continuing through the renal pelvis into the ureter

Human Anatomy BIO244 (32 decks)

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