Bone Physiology

Question 1

Osteocytes are?

Answer 1

Bone cells, make the framework

Question 2

Osteoblasts are?

Answer 2

Construction, adds to bone

Question 3

Osteoclasts are?

Answer 3

Demo crew, dissolves and reshapes bone

Question 4

What is intramembranous ossification?

Answer 4

the process of bone development from fibrous membranes. It is involved in the formation of the flat bones of the skull, the mandible, and the clavicles

Question 5

What is endochondral ossification?

Answer 5

the process of bone development from hyaline cartilage. All of the bones of the body, except for the flat bones of the skull, mandible, and clavicles

Question 6

What is the ossification center?

Answer 6

sites in bones where calcification begins and bone replaces fibrous connective tissue or cartilage

Question 7

What is the epiphyseal plate?

Answer 7

a thin layer of cartilage that lies between the epiphyses and metaphyses, and is where the growth of long bones takes place

Question 8

What are the zones of the epiphyseal plate?

Answer 8

Real People Have Career Options
Resting
Proliferating
Hypertrophic
Calcified
Ossification Zone

Question 9

What does the zone of resting cartilage do?

Answer 9

anchors growth plate to bone

Question 10

What does the zone of proliferating cartilage do?

Answer 10

rapid cell division

Question 11

What does the zone of hypertrophic cartilage do?

Answer 11

cells enlarge and remain in columns

Question 12

What does the zone of calcified cartilage do?

Answer 12

thin zone, mostly dead cells that have calcified

Osteo cells complete the bone growth `process

Question 13

How long does longitudinal growth continue?

Answer 13

as long as epiphyseal plates are open

Question 14

What does Vitamin D do for bones?

Answer 14

Necessary to absorb calcium

Deficiency leads to rickets and osteomalacia

Question 15

Where do you get Vitamin D?

Answer 15

Eggs, dairy

UV light converted by liver and kidneys

Question 16

What does Vitamin A do for bones?

Answer 16

necessary for osteoblast/clast

deficiency inhibits bone development

Question 17

Where do you get Vitamin A?

Answer 17

Cheese, eggs, fish, fruits and veggies,

Question 18

What does Vitamin C do for bones?

Answer 18

required for collagen synthesis 90% of bone

deficiency inhibits bone development

Question 19

Where do you get Vitamin C?

Answer 19

Citrus fruits and peppers are major sources, other fruits and veggies as well

Question 20

Where is growth hormone produced?

Answer 20

Anterior pituitary

Question 21

What does growth hormone do?

Answer 21

stimulates cell division

Question 22

What is pituitary dwarfism?

Answer 22

lacking GH

Question 23

What is pituitary gigantism?

Answer 23

excess GH before growth plate closes

Question 24

What is acromegaly?

Answer 24

Excess GH, abnormally large hands, feet, jaw

Question 25

Which hormone lowers blood calcium but increases the amount of osteoblast activity in bones?

Answer 25

Calcitonin

Question 26

What does PTH do?

Answer 26

Increases blood calcium

Increases osteoclast number and activity

Question 27

Why do we have calcium in our blood?

Answer 27

Blood clotting
Cell signaling
Stimulus for muscle contraction in response to electrical excitation
Proper membrane permeability

Question 28

What do the sex hormones do to bone growth?

Answer 28

Testosterone and estrogen promote bone cell formation, estrogen has a stronger effect

Question 29

When are nearly all bones ossified by?

Answer 29

23 - females

25 - males

Question 30

What is Wolff’s Law?

Answer 30

a bone grows or remodels in response to the forces or demands placed on it

Question 31

What happens to calcium and bones during pregnancy?

Answer 31

Pregnant women absorb calcium better, produce more estrogen, all to protect bones
Not applicable for teen pregnancies

Question 32

What happens to bones during breastfeeding?

Answer 32

3-5% bone mass lost
Baby steals calcium from mother
Mom producing less estrogen
Restored in 6 months

Question 33

What is the order of BMD racially?

Answer 33

Black
Hispanic
Caucasian
Asian

Question 34

What happens to trabecular bone with aging?

Answer 34

density decreases with aging in 30s, hip, vertebrae, and femur

Question 35

What happens to compact bone with aging?

Answer 35

half the rate as trabecular, in 40s

Question 36

What is osteomalacia?

Answer 36

refers to a marked softening of your bones, most often caused by severe vitamin D deficiency

Question 37

What is osteopenia?

Answer 37

when your bones are weaker than normal but not so far gone that they break easily, which is the hallmark of osteoporosis.

Question 38

What is osteoporosis?

Answer 38

A condition in which bones become weak and brittle.

Question 39

What foods to eat to prevent and treat bone loss?

Answer 39

Fish, dairy, fruits and veggies

Question 40

What lifestyle choices can prevent and treat bone loss?

Answer 40

have a healthy and varied diet with plenty of fresh fruit, vegetables and whole grains.
eat calcium-rich foods.
absorb enough vitamin D.
avoid smoking.
limit alcohol consumption.
limit caffeine.
do regular weight-bearing and strength-training activities.

Question 41

What is epidermolysis bullosa?

Answer 41

he name for a group of rare inherited skin disorders that cause the skin to become very fragile

Question 42

Which protein is missing or dysfunctional in children who are born with epidermolysis bullosa?

Answer 42

collagen