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Human Anatomy BIO244 > Digestive Physiology > Flashcards

Digestive Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main sections of the digestive system?

A

alimentary canal

accessory organs

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2
Q

What makes up the alimentary canal?

A 
mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
intestines
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3
Q

What makes up the accessory structures?

A 
liver
pancreas
gallbladder
teeth
salivary glands
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4
Q

What are the four main tissue layers that make up the wall of the digestive tract?

A

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis
serosa/adventitia

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5
Q

What occurs in the digestive system?

A 
Peristalsis
Segmentation
Secretion
Digestion
Absorption
Elimination
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6
Q

What does saliva do?

A

Allows food to be swallowed more easily
Contains amylase that digests carbohydrates
Contains Lysozyme that inhibits bacteria and contains IgA
Dissolves food

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7
Q

What does movement of the mouth and tongue and chemicals in the mouth stimulate?

A

Parasympathetic nervous system to increase saliva

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8
Q

What are the parotid glands stimulated by?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

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9
Q

What are the submandibular and sublingual glands stimulated by?

A

Facial nerve (CN VII)

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10
Q

What does the uvula and soft palate do during swallowing?

A

they move up to keep food and liquid out of the nasal cavity

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11
Q

What does the epiglottis do during swallowing?

A

Moves down and covers the larynx to keep food and liquid out of the air passages

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12
Q

What are the two sphincters of the esophagus?

A

Upper and Lower (cardiac)

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13
Q

What kinds of digestion occur in the stomach?

A

Mechanical, chemical (HCL), and enzymatic

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14
Q

What do Goblet cells in the mucosa of the stomach do?

A

Secrete alkaline mucous which protects the stomach from HCL

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15
Q

What are the Mucosal cell types?

A 
Mucus
Chief
Parietal
G
Mark Can Pass Gas
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16
Q

What do the mucosal cells produce?

A 
Mucus - Mucus
Chief - Pepsinogen
Parietal - HCL/Pepsin
G - Gastrin
Mark Passes Hot Gas
17
Q

What does Gastrin do?

A

Increases stomach mobility & gastric gland secretion

18
Q

What triggers the Cephalic phase?

A

Smell, taste, sight, and thought of food send signals to the medulla oblongata

19
Q

What is the Cephalic phase?

A

The vagus nerve CN X sends signals to the gastric glands to release acetylcholine which causes gastric gland secretion to increase

20
Q

What triggers the Gastric phase?

A

Stretching of the stomach, high pH, and peptides send signals to the medulla oblongata

21
Q

What is the Gastric phase?

A

The vagus nerve CN X sends signals to the gastric glands and releases acetylcholine which causes gastric gland secretion to increase

22
Q

What is the intestinal phase of Gastric Secretion?

A

Stimulated by food entering the duodenum, intestinal gastrin is released and as the duodenum is further stretched– secretin and CCK is also released

23
Q

What is the Duodenum?

A

First section of the small intestine, secretes hormones, secretions, and bile to complete digestion

24
Q

What do the Jejunum and Ileum do?

A

Absorb water and nutrients, the ileocecal valve regulates the movement of food into the large intestine

25
Q

How is the movement of food in the small intestine regulated?

A

Movement increase via vagus nerve

Movement decrease via sympathetic nerves

26
Q

What does the Liver do for digestion?

A

Makes bile from cholesterol and bilirubin

27
Q

What are other functions of the Liver?

A

Stores glycogen, vitamins, and minerals, converts nutrients, detoxifies, removes ammonia, and synthesizes blood protein

28
Q

What does the Gall bladder do?

A

Stores and concentrates bile

29
Q

What does bile do?

A

Emulsifies fat, like making a vinaigrette
Helps small intestines absorb fats and cholesterol
Is sent back to the Liver and recycled

30
Q

What is cholecystokinin (CCK)?

A

Released by the duodenum; causes the gall bladder to contract, relaxes hepatopancreatic sphincter to allow bile to enter duodenum, and stimulates secretion of pancreatic juice into duodenum

31
Q

What does the pancreas secrete for digestion?

A

Digestive juices and bicarbonate

32
Q

What regulates the main pancreatic duct’s secretions into the duodenum with the bile duct?

A

Hepatopancreatic sphincter (Oddi)

33
Q

What is the different between the main pancreatic duct and the accessory duct?

A

The accessory duct directly empties into the duodenum

34
Q

What is pancreatic juice?

A

Secreted by Acinar cells, it contains bicarbonate to neutralize acidic food coming from the stomach and protects the intestinal lining while providing proper pH for pancreatic enzymes to work

35
Q

What do the bacteria in the large intestine do?

A

Digest material and synthesize vitamins K and B complex

36
Q

What are the Splanchnic nerves?

A

Greater
Lesser
Least

Human Anatomy BIO244 (32 decks)

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