Midterm 4 (By bacteria 2) Flashcards by Henriette Wisnes

The virulence factors of P. multocida are the capsule and dermonecrotoxin

True

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Pasteurella are very resistant in the environment

False

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Pasteurella are obligate pathogens

False

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We can use inactivated bacteria as a vaccine for Pasteurella

True

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Hemorrhagic septicemia is caused by P. multocida B and E

True

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Hemorrhagic septicemia infected animals carry the bacteria for 1 year

False

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Hyaluronic acid capsule is important for the bacteria’s ability to replicate unhindered

True

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Hemorrhagic septicemia is a slow and chronic disease

False

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Endotoxins are important for the pathogenesis of the hemorrhagic septicemia disease

True

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Antibiotics are highly effective against hemorrhagic septicemia

True

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Attenuated vaccines can be used to prevent hemorrhagic septicemia

True

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After recovery from hemorrhagic septicemia, cattle remain carriers

True

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Hemorrhagic septicemia of cattle occurs only in tropical countries

False

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Secondary infection can occur with haemorrhagic septicaemia of cattle

False

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Hemorrhagic septicemia of cattle can be explained by endotoxin production

True

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Hemorrhagic septicemia is mainly seen in sheep and horses

False

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Respiratory pasteurellosis in cattle is caused by P. multocida A and M. haemolytica A

True

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Most importance virulence factor of M. haemolytica is leukotoxin

True

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Respiratory pasteurellosis in cattle is a common disease of young animals

True

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Macrolides are recommended to use in case of respiratory pasteurellosis in cattle

True

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Respiratory pasteurellosis of cattle appears in calves aged 1-3 months old

True

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Respiratory pasteurellosis of cattle causes a fibrinous inflammation of serous membranes

True

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Leukotoxin of M. haemolytica strains responsible for Pasteurella pneumonia attacks respiratory epithelium

True

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Respiratory pasturellosis of cattle are mostly seen in the tropics

False

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Respiratory pasteurellosis of cattle causes purulent pneumonia

True

We can use ELISA to diagnose respiratory pasteurellosis in cattle

True

A predisposing factor of respiratory pasteurellosis in cattle is transport

True

A predisposing factor of respiratory pasteurellosis in cattle is the presence of a viral infection

True

Lesions of respiratory pasteurellosis of calves are seen in the anterior lobes

True

Vaccination is widely used for prevention of bovine respiratory pasteurellosis.

True

Bibersteinia trehalosi is involved in development of acute systemic pasteurellosis

True

Serology is widely used to diagnose Pasteurella in sheep

False

Penicillin can be used to treat ovine pasteurellosis

True

The septicemic form of pasteurellosis is most common in sheep above 1 year

False

You can see croupus pneumonia in case of ovine systemic pasteurellosis

False

Systemic pasturellosis is seen in 2-4-week-old lambs

False

Pasteurella causes septicaemia in lambs

True

In suckling lambs, acute systemic pasteurellosis may occur

False

Pasteurellosis in the sheep may cause interstitial pneumonia

False

Pasteurellosis in the sheep can occur in the form of mastitis

True

Pasteurellosis in sheep may occur as a septicaemia

True

Emboli is the cause of sudden death in acute systemic pasturellosis

True

Vaccines can be used to prevent pasteurellosis in sheep

True

In the respiratory form of ovine pasteurellosis, hemorrhagic pneumonia is seen

False

Mycoplasmas can predispose swine to pasteurellosis

True

Vaccines can prevent pneumonia of swine caused by pasteurella

False

P. multocida A is causative agent of pneumonia caused by pasteurellosis in swine

True

Atrophic rhinitis can be prevented with toxoid vaccine given at weaning

False

PM lesions of atrophic rhinitis can be examined after transverse cut of the nose

True

Atrophic rhinitis is examined PM by a longitudinal section of the nose

False

Animals showing signs of atrophic rhinitis remain carriers

False

Atrophic rhinitis can be prevented by vaccinating the sow

True

Atrophic rhinitis cause disease in swine and calves

False

Dermonectotocin in case of atrophic rhinitis acts on the osteoblast cells

True

Atrophic rhinitis is caused by a synergistic interaction between B. bronchiseptica and P. multocida D

True

B. bronchiseptica can cause immunosuppression

False

Toxoid vaccines can be used for prevention of atrophic rhinitis

True

B. bronchiseptica strains producing toxins causing serious lesions

False

The typical PM lesions of atrophic rhinitis are caused by B. bronchiseptica strain

False

Atrophic rhinitis is a common disease that causes severe losses

False

Atrophic rhinitis only occurs pigs that were infected as suckling piglets

True

Atrophic rhinitis is proven by isolating P. multocida

False

Tetracyclines can successfully be used to treat atrophic rhinitis

True

Wrinkles and torsion of nose is the most prominent clinical sign of atrophic rhinitis

True

Fibrinous pneumonia can be seen during necropsy in case of pasteurellosis in rabbit

True

Pasteurellosis in rabbit causes high amount of nasal discharge

True

Pasteurellosis in rabbit is caused by P. multocida A

True

The chronic form of fowl cholera is caused by less virulent strains

True

Day-old chickens are resistant to fowl cholera

True

Vaccines against fowl cholera are not available

False

Fowl cholera may cause high mortality in water birds

False

Turkeys are not sensitive to fowl cholera

False

Fowl cholera occurs mainly at the end of the winter

False

Fowl cholera occurs mostly during the summer and autumn

True

Germinative infection is the primary way of spreading fowl cholera

False

Mortality of fowl cholera can reach 100% in a susceptible flock

True

In development of fowl cholera, plucking the animal has an important role

True

Fowl cholera can cause high losses among day-old chicken

False

Fowl cholera is caused by leukotoxin-producing Pasteurella (Mannheimia) haemolytica

False

Fowl cholera has higher mortality in young broiler stocks

False

Fowl cholera has high mortality in water poultry

False

Turkeys are not susceptible for fowl cholera

False

Fowl cholera is caused by Pasteurella haemolytica

False

Fowl choler occurs in the tropics and subtropics mostly

True

Wild birds are very susceptible to fowl cholera

False

Susceptibility in hens decrease with age in case of fowl cholera

False

Anatipestifer disease is caused by Riemerella anatipestifer

True

Endotoxin release is important in the pathogenesis of the anatipestifer disease

True

Anatipestifer disease mostly occurs in small backyard flocks

False

We can use agglutination to diagnose the anatipestifer disease

True

We can prevent anatipestifer disease by using inactivated vaccines

True

Anatipestifer disease only shows clinical signs in ducks

False

In the chronic form of anatipestifer disease, we can see fibrinous-purulent conjunctivitis

True

Anatipestifer disease mostly affects older birds

False

In the acute form of anatipestifer disease, we can see CNS signs

True

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale most commonly occurs in 3-4 week old turkeys

False

Penicillin can be used to treat Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale

True

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale is most commonly infected via germinative route

False

Thick, fibrinous nasal discharge is the most striking clinical signs in case of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale

False

Actinobacillosis in ruminants is a sporadic worldwide disease

True

Actinobacillosis of cattle appears in soft tissues around the mouth

True

Actinobacillosis most commonly enters body via wound infection

True

Antibiotics cannot be used successfully for treatment of actinobacillosis

False

Actinobacillosis can cause lameness due to encephalitis in foal

False

Actinobacillosis is caused by A. equuli in horses

True

Most important way of infection is via the umbilicus in case of Actinobacillosis in horses

True

Animals will not move due to high fever and encephalitis in case of Actinobacillosis in horses

False

Tetracyclines can cure the disease at any time in case of Actinobacillosis in horses

False

Paralysis of foals (in actinobacillosis) is the result of umbilical infection

True

“Timber tongue” is caused by Actinobacillus in foals

False

The so called pyosepticemia of adult horses (in actinobacillosis) occurs due to predisposing factors

True

A. equuli is present in healthy horses as well

True

Antibiotics can be used in treatment of A. equuli

True

Edema of the head is the most prominent clinical sign of A. equuli

True

Draught horses are more predisposed to the disease in case of A. equuli

True

A. equuli is a common disease in some areas of the world

False

Biotype 2 causes more severe disease in case of actinobacillosis in swine

False

To culture the bacterium actinobacillus in swine, cross culture with staphylococcus is needed

True

Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia is caused by an obligate pathogen

False

Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia infection in swine occurs in fattening animals

True

Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia infection in swine spread via tracheal discharge

True

A. pleuropneumonia strains can cause pneumonia in swine and cattle

False

Biotype 1 strains of A. pleuropneumonia cause more severe disease than biotype 2

True

Swine Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia occurs in growers and fattening animals

True

In swine actinobacillus pleuropneumonia, herd treatment with antibiotics should be done

True

Swine Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia can be prevented by toxoid vaccine

True

Toxins are important virulence factors of A. pleuropneumonia strains

True

A. pleuropneumonia type 2 biotype strain widely cause disease

False

The 1st biotype of APP strains causes disease in large number of animals

True

The 2nd biotype of APP strains cause disease in large number of animals

False

Purulent nasal discharge can be seen in case of APP in swine

False

Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia can be introduced by rodents into the pig farm

False

In swine actinobacillus pleuropneumonia, the changes are seen in the caudal lung lobes

True

Porcine polyserositis (Haemophilus parasuis) occurs in suckling piglets

False

Polyserositis affects many piglets and the mortality is high

False

Polyserositis may cause CNS symptoms

True

Polyserositis cause fibrin production

True

Polyserositis of pigs is seen in the first week of life

False

Polyserositis of pigs is caused by Actinobacillus suis

False

Polyserositis of pigs can be prevented with vaccination

True

The causative agent of porcine polyserositis is an epiphyte

True

Polyserositis of pigs is caused by Haematophilus parasuis

False

Glässer ́s disease causes severe purulent serositis

False

Polyserositis can successfully treat with antibiotics

True

Inactivated vaccine can be used to prevent polyserositis

True

Glässer’s disease is a common disease, and mortality is high

False

Glässer’s disease causes significant fibrin precipitation

True

Glässer’s disease may cause neurological signs

True

Infectious coryza spreads slowly in the flock

False

Day-old chicks are most susceptible to infectious coryza

False

There is a watery nasal discharge and swelling of the head in case of infectious coryza

False

Primary way of spreading of infectious coryza is via the drinking water

True

Infectious coryza usually generalizes

False

infectious coryza causes nasal discharge and sinusitis

True

Infectious coryza can be prevented by an inactivated vaccine

True

Infectious coryza can be prevented by the vaccination of the parent stock

True

Sinusitis is a main clinical sign of infectious coryza

True

Elimination of predisposing factors is important in prevention of infectious coryza

False

In the case of infectious coryza in day-old ducklings, high fever is typical

False

Day-old chicken show severe clinical signs of infectious coryza

False

Infectious coryza causes big losses in broiler flocks

False

Histophilus somni is a sporadic disease

True

The Histophilus somni is an obligatory pathogen

False

Thromboembolic meningoencephalitis causes hemorrhagic necrotic foci in the brain, in case of Histophilus somni infection

True

Histophilus somni can by venereal infection, cause a generalized disease

False

Toxoid vaccines can be used to prevent the Histophilus somni disease

False

Histophilus somni will only cause localized respiratory disease

False

Histophilus somni causes diarrhea and dehydration in calves

False

Histophilus somni causes pneumonia in calves

True

Histophilus somni causes epididymitis in lambs

True

Contagious equine metritis occurs widely in Hungarian thoroughbred studs

False

Contagious equine metritis causes decreased semen quality in stallions

False

The mare may be a carrier for more than a year in case of contagious equine metritis

True

We can diagnose Taylorella equigenitalis carrier mares with agglutination probe or ELISA

False

Taylorella equigenitalis is a widespread and common disease

False

The causative agent of contagious equine metritis is Histophilus equi

False

The causative agent of contagious equine metritis is an obligate pathogen

False

Taylorella equigenitalis can spread via feed and water

False

The bacteria of contagious equine metritis can be carried for 14-15 months

True

Contagious equine metritis causes high fever in the mare

False

There will be large amount of purulent smelly vaginal discharge in case of contagious equine metritis

False

Uterine lavage with antibiotics can be used as treatment for contagious equine metritis

True

Brucella is an obligate pathogen

True

Brucella are a notifiable disease

True

Brucella can be found on the mucous membranes of the genital tract

True

All Brucella can be stained with Köster staining

False

There will be cross-reactions between S-type colonies in case of Brucella

True

Brucellosis is zoonotic

True

Brucellosis is found in most parts of the world

True

In sexually immature animals, Brucella multiplies in the lymph nodes

True

Brucellosis is usually introduced by infected asymptomatic animals

True

Abortion caused by brucellosis is followed by retained fetal membranes

True

An attenuated vaccine is used in Hungary for prevention of B. melitensis

False

Brucella has average resistance

True

Brucella is found worldwide

True

Brucella is seen only in the northern hemisphere

False

Brucellosis of bovine cannot be shed in the milk

False

B. suis can infect cattle

True

Brucellosis can cause placentitis in cattle

True

In case of brucellosis in cattle, only very few bacteria are needed to cause the disease

True

Bovine brucellosis is primarily caused by venereal infection

False

Calves shows clinical sign after weaning when infected young with brucellosis

False

Calves can be born infected with brucellosis

False

B. abortus can cause bovine brucellosis

True

B. melitensis can cause brucellosis in cattle

True

Bovine brucellosis is seen in most European countries

False

Bovine brucellosis is zoonotic

True

If young calves are infected with brucellosis, the bacteria remain in the lymph nodes until maturity

True

In the case of bovine brucellosis, septicemia happens

True

Cattle recovered from brucellosis do not remain carriers

False

Brucella abortus infects only cattle

False

Bovine brucellosis is only endemic in Hungary

False

The biggest economic damage to bovine brucellosis is orchitis in bulls

False

Brucella abortus infects only cattle

False

Infectious epididymitis is caused by B. ovis

True

B. ovis has a wide host range

False

Brucellosis in sheep is introduced to the herd by infected asymptomatic rams

True

B. ovis can cause abortion in ewes

True

B. ovis will cause high fever

False

B. ovis causes severe epididymitis

True

Ewes are lifelong carriers of Brucella ovis

False

You can get B. ovis free only with stock exchange

False

Humans are very susceptible to B. ovis

False

The best way of controlling brucellosis in sheep is eradication of infected rams

True

There is no B. ovis in Hungary

False

Brucella ovis generally does not cause septiceamia in rams

True

Humans can be infected with Brucella ovis from raw sheep and goat milk

False

AGID can be used to diagnose brucellosis in sheep

True

B. melitensis is mostly affecting the northern part of Europe

False

Humans are highly susceptible to B. melitensis

True

B. melitensis can cause epididymitis and orchitis in rams and bucks

True

B. melitensis brucellosis is strongly self-limiting

True

Rev-1 is an attenuated B. melitensis vaccine

True

Goats and sheep are primary hosts of B. melitensis

True

Caprine brucellosis cannot be prevented with vaccination

False

Caprine brucellosis is caused by B. ovis

False

Caprine brucellosis is endemic in the Mediterranean area

True

Rams are asymptomatic in case of brucellosis

False

Primary way of infection of B. melitensis is by mating

True

B. melitensis shed in the fetus, milk and semen

True

B. melitensis occurs sporadically in sheep flocks in Hungary

False

In abortion caused by B. melitensis, inflammatory necrotic foci are seen in the placenta

True

Secondary hosts of swine brucellosis are dog, human and cattle

True

Maintaining host of swine brucellosis are reindeer, hare and small rodents

False

Brucellosis in swine causes abortion at any time of the pregnancy

True

Boars are asymptomatic in case of brucellosis infection

False

Abortion occurs due to liver lesions in the piglets in case of brucellosis

False

Chronic cases of brucellosis cause lameness in both boars and sows

True

Antibiotics are widely used to treat swine brucellosis

False

Abortion is a frequent clinical sign of porcine brucellosis

True

Stillbirth is a frequent clinical sign of porcine brucellosis

True

Diarrhea is a frequent clinical sign of porcine brucellosis

False

Canine brucellosis differs from other brucella infections since it’s a long-term active infection

True

Canine brucellosis spread via mating or per os

True

Canine brucellosis can cause iridocyclitis

True

Sheep, foxes and cats are secondary carriers

False

Abortion usually occurs in the late phase of pregnancy in case of canine brucellosis

True

Canine brucellosis does not occur in Europe

False

Epididymitis and orchitis are typical clinical signs of canine brucellosis

True

Attenuated vaccines are widely used for the prevention of canine brucellosis

False

Strong self-limitation can be seen in the case of canine brucellosis

False

Horses are infected by goats in case of brucellosis

False

In case of brucellosis, horses suffer from bursitis and they can rupture

True

In case of brucellosis hares can maintain their own infectious cycle, and do not need to be infected by cattle

True

Hares are susceptible to B. abortus

False

Reindeers are important in maintaining and infecting swine herds with B. suis

False

Brucellosis can be acute and chronic in humans

True

High fever is a clinical sign of brucellosis in humans

True

Arthritis is a clinical sign of human brucellosis

True

Tularaemia affects only sheep in Hungary

False

Ticks have an important role in transmission of tularaemia

True

Tularemia occurs only in America

False

Tularemia occurs frequently in hares

True

Francisella tularensis ssp. holartica is highly virulent

False

Francisella is a facultative pathogen

True

Francis blood agar can be used for its isolation

True

Tularaemia will cause more severe disease in lagomorph and rodents

True

Hunters can contract tularemia whilst skinning the animal

True

Tularaemia causes severe clinical signs in susceptible animals

True

Tube agglutination is the best way to diagnose tularaemia

True

Encephalitis is the main clinical sign of tularemia in humans

False

There are differences in the virulence of the causative agents of tularemia

True

Septicemia is part of the pathogenesis of tularemia

True

Mosquitoes are involved in spreading of tularemia

True

Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis is in Europe

False

Hares spread the bacteria Francisella with urine

False

Ticks play a role in maintaining the presence of tularaemia

True

Franciella tularemia in humans is frequently caused through skin wounds

True

Avian bordetelliosis, chickens are most susceptible

False

Most important virulence factors of the Turkey coryza are cytotoxins

True

Avian bordetelliosis has a relatively low resistance

False

Avian bordetelliosis causes death due to suffocation

True

High mortality and morbidity is typical for avian bordetelliosis

False

Generalization of the turkey coryza disease are possible in young animals

True

Avian bordetellosis is caused by B. avium

True

Avian bordetellosis is seen in a few week-old chickens and turkeys

True

Avian bordetellosis is a generalized disease with high fever

False

In the case of avian bordetellosis sinusitis and respiratory clinical signs are seen

True

Causes a disease similar to infectious coryza caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum

True

Avian bordetelliosis are resistant to heat and disinfectants

False

Bordetella bronchiseptica can cause kennel cough on its own

False

Bordetella bronchiseptica can cause pneumonia in young dogs

True

B. bronchiseptica is partly responsible for the sneezing disease of cats

True

B. bronchiseptica is a common secondary pathogen to canine distemper in older dogs

True

B. bronchiseptica strains can be involved in the respiratory diseases of dogs

True

B. bronchiseptica alone causes mild rhinitis in suckling piglets

True

Toxin-producing B. bronchiseptica strains cause severe clinical signs on their own

False

Midterm 4 (By bacteria 2) Flashcards

(307 cards)