Midterm 3 (2) Flashcards by Henriette Wisnes

Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) is completely eradicated in Europe

False

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TGE causes 100% mortality in sows

False

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Porcine respiratory coronavirus causes acute pneumonia in susceptible piglets

False

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The incubation time of TGE is usually 5-7 days

False

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TGE virus infects the digestive and the respiratory systems

True

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Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus can cause disease in humans

False

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Certain bovine coronaviruses can cause diarrhea in children

False

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The virus causing porcine epidemic diarrhoea can replicate in the heart muscle of the foetus

False

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Canine coronavirus (CCOV-1) causes diarrhea in young, susceptible dogs

True

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Pantropic canine coronavirus infections are endemic worldwide

False

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Feline enteric coronavirus (FECOV) can only infect Felidae

True

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Germinative route is the most important in the transmission of infectious bronchitis

False

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Reverse transcriptase is an important enzyme of retroviruses

True

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Retroviruses results in lifelong infection

True

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Retroviruses replicate mainly in the endothelial cells

False

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Several retroviruses can cause malignant transformation in the hosts

True

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Enzootic bovine leukosis virus has several serotypes and subtypes

False

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Enzootic bovine leukosis can spread by air within the herd

True

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Enzootic bovine leukosis can spread by the veterinarian

True

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Clinical signs of enzootic bovine leukosis can be seen in 6-8 months old calves

False

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Avian leukosis viruses can cause malignant transformation in different tissues

True

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Germinative infection is an important way of transmission of avian leukosis virus

True

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Clinical signs of avian leukosis can be seen typically in broiler chicken

False

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Osteopetrosis can be a clinical form of avian leukosis

True

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Maedi/visna is spreading slowly in the flock

True

Maedi/visna virus is shed in the milk

True

Maedi is seen in 3-4 years old sheep

True

Large amount of mucoid nasal discharge is typical in the case of maedi

False

Equine infectious anaemia virus is resistant, it can survive several months in the environment

True

Only Equidae are susceptible to equine infectious anemia virus

True

Ticks are vectors of equine infectious anemia virus

False

Febrile waves can be seen in equine infectious anaemias

True

Scrapie is spreading with per os infection

True

Genetic predisposition is needed for scrapie to develop

True

Atypical scrapie strains can cause the same clinical signs as typical scrapie

Flase

Scrapie can be prevented with live vaccines

False

Capsule is a virulence factor of B. anthracis

True

Cattle are infected with B. anthracis mainly from the soil

True

Pigs are more susceptible to B. anthracis than sheep

False

Anthrax is a per-acute or acute diseases in cattle

True

Bradsot occurs mainly late autumn and winter

True

Overeating can predispose the animals to bradsot

False

Thickening of and edema in the stomach wall are typical lesions of bradsot

True

Aminoglycosides are successfully used for treatment in the case of bradsot

False

Bacillary hemoglobinuria is caused by Clostridium septicum

False

Jaundice and anemia are important clinical signs of bacillary haemoglobinuria

True

Red urine is a typical clinical sign of bacillary haemoglobinuria

True

Phospholipase C is an important virulence factor, of the agent of bacillary haemoglobinuria

True

Overeating is a predisposing factor of pulpy kidney disease

True

Pulpy kidney disease is caused by Clostridium chauvoei

False

Neurological signs are typical in the case of pulpy kidney disease

True

Isolation of the agent is necessary to the diagnosis of pulpy kidney disease

False

Streptococcus suis can cause generalized septicemia in 1-4-week-old piglets

True

Calcium deficiency can predispose suckling piglets to streptococcosis

False

Neurological signs are frequent in the case of porcine streptococcosis

True

Abscesses in the liver frequently seen in the case of porcine streptococcosis.

True

Erysipelas can be seen only in pigs.

False

Neuraminidase is a virulence factor of the agent of erysipelas

True

High fever is a typical clinical sign of acute swine erysipelas

True

Caseous lymphadenitis of sheep is mainly seen in suckling lambs

False

Polymyxins are used for the treatment of erysipelas

False

The causative agent of caseous lymphadenitis of sheep is Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

True

Lesions of caseous lymphadenitis of sheep can be seen only in the lymph nodes

False

Caseous lymphadenitis can occur only in sheep

False

TGEV is widespread and fully replaced porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) virus

False

Porcine respiratory coronavirus induces cross-protection against PED

False

Today TGE occurs in an enzootic form

True

The characteristic symptoms of TGE are vomiting and diarrhea

True

Porcine respiratory coronavirus reduced the prevalence of porcine epidemic diarrhea

False

Bovine coronaviruses usually infect the respiratory and the digestive systems

True

Feline enteric coronaviruses may infect dogs

False

Feline infectious peritonitis viruses form a single serotype

False

Canine respiratory coronavirus infection results cross-protection against CCOV-I

False

Pantropic canine coronavirus causes a mild respiratory disease in suckling dogs

False

Feline enteric coronavirus infection usually causes sudden death of queens

False

Infectious bronchitis viruses belong into 3 distinct serotypes

False

Retroviruses are generally species specific

True

Retroviruses are generally resistant, they can survive in the environment for several weeks

False

Retroviruses frequently cause permanent infection

True

Retroviruses are generally stable viruses, mutations are very rare

False

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus cannot result tumor formation

False

Serological examinations cannot be used to the diagnosis of enzootic bovine leukosis

False

Immune tolerance can happen in the case of enzootic bovine leukosis

True

Selection cannot be used for eradication of enzootic bovine leukosis

False

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis occurs only in South Africa

False

Metastases are rare in the case of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis

True

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus has no onc-gen

True

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis is prevented with inactivated vaccines

False

Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus is shed in the milk

True

In the case of caprine arthritis encephalitis the signs of encephalitis can be seen in 2-4 month old kids

True

In the case of caprine arthritis encephalitis, arthritis is less frequent than encephalitis

False

Kids are recommended to be isolated in a herd where caprine arthritis encephalitis is present

True

Only horses are susceptible to Borna disease virus

False

Borna disease virus is spreading from cell to cell

True

Mainly central nervous clinical signs can be seen in the case of Borna disease

True

The lethality of Borna disease is low

False

BSE is spreading fast in the infected herd

False

Clinical signs of BSE can be seen mainly in 1-1.5 years old cattle

False

Cattle with BSE become aggressive

True

Cattle with BSE have movement difficulties

True

Colic is a typical clinical sign of anthrax in horses

True

Incomplete clotting of the blood is a typical post mortem lesion of anthrax

True

Anthrax can be diagnosed with microscopic examination of blood

True

Inactivated vaccines are used for the prevention of anthrax

False

Blackleg occurs mainly in ruminants

True

Blackleg is caused by C. septicum

False

Edema is a typical clinical sign of blackleg

True

Live vaccines are used for the prevention of blackleg

False

Clostridium enterotoxaemia of piglets is caused by C. perfringens

True

C. Clostridium enterotoxaemia of piglets occurs in 2-4 days old piglets

True

Clostridium enterotoxaemia of piglets is more frequent in the case of first farrowing sows

True

Lesions of Clostridium enterotoxaemia of piglets are seen in the large intestine

False

Botulism can be seen as a result of a wound infection

False

Flaccid paralysis is the main clinical sign of botulism

True

Birds are resistant to botulism

False

Necrotic foci in the liver are typical post mortem lesions of botulism

False

Some extracellular enzymes are virulence factors of Staphylococci

True

Hemolysins are virulence factors of Staphylococci

True

Endotoxins are virulence factors of Staphylococci

False

Protein A is a virulence factor of Staphylococci

True

Listeria are soil bacteria

True

Infected silage can be the source of listeria

True

Listeria are spreading fast from animal to animal

False

Abortion is the most typical clinical sign of listeriosis in sheep

False

Corynebacterium renale is the causative agent of bovine purulent nephritis

True

Bovine purulent nephritis is mainly seen in suckling calves

False

Hematuria can happen in the case of bovine purulent nephritis

True

Penicillin is used for the treatment of bovine purulent nephritis

True

Avian Leukosis virus is uniform

False

Every avian leukosis viruses is oncogenic

True

Avian leukosis virus cannot infect by germinative way

False

Avian leukosis virus infects B lymphocytes

True

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy spread fast in the herd

False

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy symptoms are in 1-1.5 years old cows

False

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy symptoms: e.g. ataxia

True

For Bovine spongiform encephalopathy laboratory examination, we use ELISA

True

Transmissible Mink encephalopathy can be transmitted by eating infected meat

True

Transmissible Mink encephalopathy symptoms: being anxious

True

Creutzfeldt Jakob syndrome is a new type of Bovine spongiform encephalopathy in humans

True

In Bovine spongiform encephalopathy the meat contains high number of prions

True

Bacillus anthracis main virulence factor is in the capsule

True

The edema factor is an important virulence factor in bacillus anthracis

True

Bacillus anthracis spores: after 1 hour of boiling they are still alive

True

Bacillus anthracis makes spores only without oxygen

False

Anthrax important symptom is high fever

True

If the animals have Anthrax and they have a fever, you have to vaccinate them immediately

False

For anthrax we use inactive vaccine

False

Humans infected with Anthrax, primarily per os

False

Blackleg is caused by Clostridium septicum

False

Blackleg is mainly in ruminants

True

Blackleg infects ovine through wounds

True

In Blackleg disease we use attenuated vaccine

False

Lamb dysentery is found in 3-4-week-old lambs

False

Lamb dysentery is caused by Clostridium perfringens B

True

Pathological lesions of Lamb dysentery starts in the colon

False

We can culture the pathogen of Lamb dysentery from the intestines

True

The tetanus toxin cleaves synaptobrevin

True

The main symptom of tetanus is flaccid paralysis

False

For tetanus we use vaccines which contain toxoid

True

Morel's disease we find in suckling lambs

False

In Morel's disease we find abscesses in the subcutis.

True

If the ammonia level in the air is high it increases the susceptibility of rabbits to staphylococcus

True

In rabbit staphylococcosis: one symptom is otitis

True

Listeria ivanovii causes listeriosis in animals

True

Listeriosis spreads from animal to animal and causes high mortality

False

Listeriosis causes neurological symptoms in sheep

True

Listeriosis can infect rodents

True

Distemper virus infects only dogs

False

Newcastle disease virus velogen viscerotop and neurotrop causes neurological signs

True

Bovine respiratory syntitial virus is caused by pneumovirus and we use inactivated vaccines for prevention

True

In avian metapneumovirus infection the egg production drops/decreases

True

Equine viral arteritis causes reproductive problems/impotence in stallions

True

Acute equine viral arteritis is similar to Equine infectious anemia

True

PRRSV attacks the active macrophages

True

For PRRS prevention we can get a very good immunization with inactivated vaccines

False

TGE infects only swine

False

Porcine respiratory coronavirus induces cross protection from TGE

True

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus causes more severe symptoms in adult than in young piglets

False

Bovine corona virus causes diarrhea in adult animals mainly in summer

False

In the background of FIP can be immunopathological processes

True

FIP causes infection only in cats younger than 1 year of age

False

Dog enteral coronavirus: some strains can cause hemorrhagic diseases in some visceral organs

True

Infectious bronchitis virus damages the ovaries only in hens

False

Vesicular stomatitis virus is found all over the world

False

Vesicular stomatitis virus: horse is sensitive

True

Vesicular stomatitis virus spreads with insects

True

After recovery of VSV there will be a permanent immunity

True

Rabies virus does not penetrate the blood vessels

False

Rabies: one of the important symptoms is the change of behavior

True

Rabies: one important symptom is paralysis

True

In silent/calm rabies the dogs cannot bark

True

In rabies we find purulent encephalitis in negri-bodies

True

With immunofluorescence test we can diagnose rabies

True

We can diagnose rabies by antibody detection test

True

When an animal which is infected with rabies virus attacks another dog, it should be vaccinated immediately

False

Bovine enzootic leukosis infect only bovine

False

Bovine enzootic leukosis does not spread with excretion

False

Bovine enzootic leukosis spreads slow in the herd

True

Bovine enzootic leukosis can be transmitted by blood

True

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis spreads with nasal discharge

True

The primary replication site of OPA is in the mucosal cells of the intestines

False

Metastasis are frequently seen in parenchymal in the case of OPA

False

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus is found in 2-4 months old lambs

False

Feline leukosis virus is uniform

False

In the saliva of cats is a high-titer of FeLV

True

FeLV spreads horizontally and vertically

True

Persistent infected cats maintain the FeLV infection

True

Maedi/visna spreads from sheep to other animals

True

Maedi/visna virus is shed in nasal discharge, respiratory secretions and milk

True

Clinical sign of maedi/visna appear from the age of 6-8 month

False

Meadi/visna most important clinical sign is profuse diarrhea

False

Chronic prion has no nucleic acid inside

True

Infective prions are resistant to proteases

True

Chronic prion is inactivated by boiling

False

Chronic prion form has other form than normal prions

True

Scrapie sensitivity depends on genotype of sheep

True

Scrapie can be transmitted between sheep in a flock

True

Itching is always a clinical sign of scrapie

False

In scrapie we can observe lameness

False

Bacillus anthracis, herbivores are especially susceptible

True

Bacillus anthracis is not in pig

False

Anthrax spreads rapidly in a herd

False

Anthrax is per-acute and acute in bovine

True

Bacillus anthracis is in the soil

True

In anthrax, tracheitis common in carnivores

False

Anthrax causes necrotic foci in liver

True

Anthrax diagnosis with blood/staining

True

Clostridium is anaerobe spore forming bacteria

True

Clostridium bacteria is not in the environment, because it cannot tolerate oxygen

False

Clostridium spreads usually rapid in a herd

False

Clostridium spread mostly with insecticides

False

Malignant edema is caused due to wound infection

True

Malignant edema is only in ruminants

False

Malignant edema, one of the clinical signs is lameness/movement problems

True

Malignant edema, attenuated vaccine for prevention

False

In sheep, Clostridium septicum causes necrotic liver infection

False

Liver flukes can predispose to infectious necrotic hepatitis

True

Infectious necrotic hepatitis causes inflammation and necrotic nodules in the liver

True

There is no vaccine to prevent infectious necrotic hepatitis

False

Exudative dermatitis can be seen in suckling piglets

True

Exudative dermatitis is caused by Staphylococcus aureus

False

Exudative dermatitis is characterized by crust formation

True

Exudative dermatitis has high mortality

False

In Erysipelas the toxin is the virulence factor

True

Diamond skin disease is caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

True

Erysipelas affects only pigs

False

Chronic form of erysipelas can cause skin necrosis

True

Distemper can cause abortion

True

Swollen head syndrome (SHS) caused by avian metapneumonia virus

True

Equine viral arteritis in mare is reactivated in pregnancy

False

Equine viral arteritis, aborted embryos have degenerated liver

False

PRRS: reproductive and respiratory problems and others with other virulence

True

Maternal immunity protects only short time against PRRS

True

TGE virus causes high morbidity

True

Swine pulmonary corona virus has a high mortality by pneumonia

False

Hemagglutination encephalomyelitis virus infects young pigs

True

Bovine corona virus can cause respiratory problems

True

Feline corona virus does not have a long infection/carrier time

False

Canine respiratory coronavirus infection results cross-protection against CCoV-114

False

Infectious bronchitis virus can cause renal problems

True

Turkey corona virus does not cause strong diarrhea and causes no necrosis

False

Vesicular stomatitis can be generalized

True

Vesicular stomatitis can cause vesicles on the foot

True

Only ruminants can have vesicular stomatitis

False

Vesicular stomatitis: animals can recover

True

Rabies is a uniform virus

False

Rabies is a resistant virus

False

Warm blooded animals can be infected with rabies

True

Rabies can be transmitted only by saliva

False

Fox rabies: we can use live vaccines

True

Since 2002 rabies is eradicated from Hungary

False

Humans can be infected by Rabies bite

True

Humans can be infected by Rabies during organ transplants

True

Retrovirus has weak resistance

True

Retrovirus has a wide host spectrum

True

Retrovirus has a good immunogenicity

True

Retrovirus infection is long-lasting

True

Bovine leukosis virus can give lifelong carriers

True

Bovine leukosis virus causes seropositivity in latency period

True

Enzootic bovine leukosis the pre-tumor phase usually in 6-10 months old animals

False

Enzootic bovine leukosis during pre-tumor phase causes lymphocytosis

True

Feline leukosis virus can cause protective immunity

True

In Feline leukosis, anemia is an important sign

True

Cat leukosis virus can be diagnosed with PCR

True

There is no vaccine against Feline leukosis virus

False

Feline leukosis can infect dogs and cats

False

Asymptomatic infection cannot happen in the case of Feline leukosis

False

The natural hosts of Influenza A viruses are humans

False

Certain antiviral drugs can inhibit the M2 ion channels of the Influenza A virus

True

The amino acid sequence of the protease cleavage site of the Influenza A virus hemagglutinin may influence the virulence

True

At least 9 different serotypes of Influenza A virus neuraminidase are known so far

True

In horses predominantly H3N8 Influenza A virus strains can cause disease

True

It is forbidden to use antibiotics for the treatment of influenza in horses

False

Swine adapted influenza A viruses cannot cause disease in humans

False

The vaccination of poultry against avian influenza is mandatory

False

Bovine parainfluenza virus 3 is frequently endemic in cattle farms

True

It is mandatory to vaccinate cattle against Rinderpest

False

Erosive lesions in the oral cavity are frequent signs of Peste des petits ruminants

True

Nowadays Rinderpest virus is used as heterologous vaccine against the PPR virus

False

Dogs infected with Canine distemper virus usually become life-long carriers and shedders

False

Clinical manifestation of the Canine distemper is mainly seen in 3-4 months-old dogs

True

Canine parainfluenza virus 2 frequently causes encephalitis in old dogs

False

Feline morbillivirus infection may be associated with tubulo-interstitial nephritis in cats

True

Wild birds may be reservoir hosts of influenza viruses

True

Wild birds may be reservoir hosts of the Newcastle disease virus

True

Wild birds may be reservoir hosts of avian metapneumoviruses

True

Wild birds may be reservoir hosts of the Nipah-viruses

False

Transmissible gastroenteritis is the more severe in piglets than in adult swine

True

Porcine respiratory coronavirus is a modification of the Hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus

False

Porcine epidemic diarrhea is present only in Africa and in the Middle East

False

Hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus is typically vectored by mosquitoes

False

Bovine coronaviruses can cause diarrhea only in calves up to one month of age

False

Canine coronaviruses frequently cause encephalitis and hepatitis in puppies

False

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) develops only in adult cats (over 1 year of age)

False

Decreased serum albumin/globulin ratio may indicate FIP

True

Mares are frequently life-long carriers of the Equine arteritis virus

False

Subcutaneous edema is a frequent sign of equine viral arteritis

True

Porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (PRRSV) can cause abortion only in the advanced stage of pregnancy (over 90 days)

False

Only inactivated vaccines can be used for the prevention against PRRSV

False

Rhabdoviruses are very resistant and they can survive in the environment for several weeks

False

Vesicular stomatitis occurs in America

True

The host range of vesicular stomatitis and foot and mouth disease is the same

False

Sand flies and midges can transmit vesicular stomatitis virus

True

Urban form of rabies is maintained by dogs and cats

True

Rabies virus is spreading in the infected animals peri-neural

Flase

Rabies virus is shed in the saliva, before appearance of the clinical signs

True

The incubation of rabies is generally less than one week

False

Retroviruses show high host specificity

True

Retroviruses are generally not carried for more than a month

False

Malignant transformation is a frequent consequence of retrovirus infection

True

Retroviruses generally cannot survive in the environment for a long time

True

Infection of poultry herds with avian leukosis virus is widespread

True

Clinical signs of avian leukosis generally appear in day old chicken

False

Lymphoid leukosis is the most frequent form of avian leukosis

True

The main way of prevention of avian leukosis is vaccination using attenuated strains

False

Equine infectious anemia is a vector borne disease

True

Equine infectious anemia virus causes persistent infection

True

There is no immune reaction in the case of equine infectious anemia

False

Equine infectious anemia is zoonotic

False

Scrapie occurs only in Britain and Ireland

False

There is genetic predisposition in the case of Scrapie

True

Scrapie prion is shed by the infected animals in different discharges

True

Itching is a frequent clinical sign of scrapie

True

Anthrax cannot be seen in Europe any more

False

Capsule is a virulence factor of the agent of anthrax

True

Carbon dioxide is needed to the spore formation of the agent of anthrax

False

Pigs are more susceptible to the agent of anthrax than sheep

False

Clostridium channel is the agent of malignant edema

False

Malignant edema is generally a consequence of a wound infection

True

Frozen food is a predisposing factor of Bradsot

True

Classical swine fever is a predisposing factor of Köves disease

True

Lamb dysentery can be seen in lambs around weaning

False

Lesions of lamb dysentery can be seen in the small intestine

True

Isolation of Clostridium perfringens from the gut confirms the diagnosis of lamb dysentery

True

Lambs have to be vaccinated with attenuated vaccine in order to prevent lamb dysentery

True

Staphylococcosis in rabbits typically occurs in newborn rabbits

False

Aerogenic infection is common in the case of staphylococcosis of rabbits

True

Arthritis can be a clinical sign of staphylococcosis of rabbits

True

Abscess formation can be a clinical sign of staphylococcosis of rabbits

True

Neuraminidase is a virulence factor of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

True

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae can be carried and shed by asymptomatic pigs

True

Only pigs can be infected with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

False

Purulent pneumonia is a typical clinical form of acute erysipelas

False

Ulcerative lymphangitis of horses is caused by nitrate negative strains of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

False

Ulcerative lymphangitis of horses can be a consequence of umbilical infection

True

Abscess formation can be seen in the case of ulcerative lymphangitis of horses

Ture

Ulcerative lymphangitis of horses is typically an acute disease

False

Influenza viruses are sensitive to detergents

True

Certain antiviral drugs can inhibit the Influenza A virus neuraminidase activity

True

At least 16 different serotypes of Influenza A virus haemagglutinin are known so far

True

The antigenic structure of influenza viruses is very stable

False

Racing horses must be yearly vaccinated against equine influenza

True

In dogs mainly H3N8 strains can cause influenza

True

Waterfowl are more sensitive to avian influenza than chicken and turkey

False

Highly pathogen avian influenza strains, may cause encephalitis in birds

True

The Peste des petits ruminants are endemic in North- and South America

False

The Canine distemper virus can infect only dogs

False

The outcome of Canine distemper virus infection is very much influenced by the immune response of the dog in utero

True

Canine distemper virus may result in abortion

True

The virulence of Newcastle disease strains can be determined by sequence analysis of certain genes

True

Newcastle disease virus cannot survive long in the environment

False

Newcastle disease virus is typically vectored by ticks

False

Only inactivated vaccines can be used against Newcastle disease virus

False

Parainfluenza virus 2 infection is frequent in the aetiology of kennel cough

False

The natural hosts of Hendra-viruses are flying foxes (Pteropus bats)

True

Hendra-viruses can cause encephalitis in horses and in humans

True

Avian metapneumoviruses can cause respiratory signs and egg production problems

True

Porcine respiratory coronavirus infection usually provides cross-protection from Transmissible gastroenteritis virus infection

True

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus can infect only swine

False

Bovine coronaviruses may cause respiratory signs in calves

True

Canine alphacoronavirus type II may cause hemorrhagic disease in 1-2-month-old pups

True

Feline enteric coronavirus usually causes severe, hemorrhagic enteritis in kittens

False

Cell-mediated hypersensitivity plays a major role in the background of non-effusive feline infectious peritonitis

True

Infectious bronchitis virus can cause inflammatory lesions in the oviduct of chicken

True

Infections bronchitis virus vaccines are used against turkey enteritis

False

Pregnant mares usually abort in the acute phase of equine viral arteritis

True

Equine viral arteritis is diagnosed by agarose-gel immunodiffusion (Coggins test)

False

Porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (PRRSV) propagates in lymphatic cells

True

PRRSV infection may influence the reproductive performance of boars

True

In the case of vesicular stomatitis vesicles are formed only at the place of entry of the virus

False

Salivation is a clinical sign of vesicular stomatitis

True

Vesicular stomatitis cannot be prevented with vaccines

False

Vesicular stomatitis is zoonotic

True

The rabies virus is a uniform virus without serotypes, genotypes, subtypes etc

False

Only carnivorous animals are susceptible to rabies virus

False

High amount of rabies virus is shed in the saliva

True

Sylvatic rabies is maintained by foxes in Europe

True

Bovine enzootic leukosis virus can be transmitted with lymphoid cells

True

Iatrogenic infection is frequent in the epidemiology of bovine enzootic leukosis

True

The target cells of the bovine enzootic leukosis virus are the T-lymphocytes

False

The typical signs of bovine enzootic leukosis can be seen in cattle under 1 year of age

False

All avian leukosis viruses are oncogenic

False

Avian leukosis viruses are shed in the feces

True

There is no germinative infection in the case of avian leukosis viruses

False

The target cells of the avian leukosis viruses are the B lymphocytes

False

Borna disease is widespread all over the world

False

Only horses are susceptible to Borna disease virus

False

Pneumonia is the main clinical sign of Borna disease

False

Most animals showing clinical signs of Borna disease die due to it

True

Infective prions are resistant to proteases

True

Only a few animals show clinical signs of BSE in an infected herd

True

BSE prions are shed in the feces and it is transmitted to other cattle in the herd

False

The incubation time of BSE is 3-5 years

True

Anthrax cannot occur in dogs and cats

False

Bacillus anthracis generally infects animals per os

True

Anthrax is an acute or per-acute disease in cattle

True

Anthrax cannot be prevented with vaccination

False

Blackleg is caused by Clostridium septicum

False

In the case of sheep, blackleg is generally consequence of a wound infection

True

Edema in the muscles is a typical clinical sign of blackleg

True

Attenuated vaccines are used for the prevention of blackleg

False

Tetanus occurs only in horses

False

The tetanus toxin cleaves the synaptobrevin

True

The clinical signs of tetanus are inducible

True

Tetanus cannot be prevented with vaccination

False

Extracellular enzymes are important virulence factors of pathogenic Staphylococci

True

Morel's disease is mainly seen in suckling lambs

False

Diarrhea is the main clinical sign of Morel's disease

False

Isolation of the agent from lesions of Morel's disease confirms the diagnosis

True

Listeriosis can only be seen in sheep

False

Abortion is the most frequent form of listeriosis in sheep

False

Aerogen infection is the most important form of infection with Listeria in sheep

False

Listeriosis is spreading fast from one animal to the other

False

Caseous lymphadenitis is caused by nitrate positive strains of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

False

Caseous lymphadenitis is only seen in suckling lambs

False

Arthritis can be a clinical sign of caseous lymphadenitis

True

Vaccination can be used for the prevention of caseous lymphadenitis

True

The mortality caused by transmissible gastroenteritis of swine is the highest among old sows

False

Transmissible gastroenteritis of swine is a widespread disease, causing high losses in Europe

False

Pulmonary coronavirus provides cross protection to the virus of transmissible gastroenteritis of swine

True

The lesions of transmissible gastroenteritis of swine are in the gastric mucosa and in the small intestine

True

Infectious bronchitis virus can cause severe respiratory signs in young chicken

True

Infectious bronchitis virus can damage the oviduct

True

Infectious bronchitis can spread very slowly in the flock causing chronic disease

False

There are no vaccines for the prevention of infectious bronchitis of chicken

False

The Equine arteritis virus (EAV) may cause abortion in pregnant mares

True

Vaccination of colts before puberty can prevent the development of EAV-carrier status

True

Porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (PRRSV) is a zoonotic agent

False

Porcine parvoviruses and PRRSV may cause similar disease in sows

True

Rhabdoviruses are enveloped viruses

True

Ephemeral fever occurs only in America

False

The morbidity is high, the mortality is low in the case of ephemeral fever

True

Drop of milk production is a common sign of ephemeral fever

True

The causative agent of rabies is a uniform virus, without different types or groups

False

The resistance of the rabies virus is good, it retains infectivity for several months in the environment

False

All warm-blooded animals are susceptible to rabies virus

True

Rabies virus is shed in high titre in the saliva

True

Paralysis is a clinical sign of rabies

True

Foxes are vaccinated with attenuated bait vaccine

True

Cattle bitten by rabid animals may be vaccinated post exposition or slaughtered

True

Humans can be infected with rabies, only by being bitten by rabid animals

False

Retroviruses are enveloped viruses

True

Retroviruses transcribe their nucleic acid to DNA

True

Retroviruses generally have a wide host range

False

Frequent genetic changes of retroviruses are common

True

Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected in the ELISA test

True

Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected in the milk

True

Selection (test and slaughter) method cannot be used to eradicate enzootic bovine leukosis virus

False

Generation shift method cannot be used to eradicate enzootic bovine leukosis virus

False

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis occurs only in South Africa

False

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus is replicating in the epithelium of the airways

True

Tumors can frequently be seen in the liver and the spleen in the case of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis

False

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis can be complicated by Pasteurella and Mannheimia strains

True

Maedi/visna virus is shed only in tracheal discharge

False

Clinical signs of maedi are mainly seen in lambs below half a year of age

False

Maedi/visna virus causes interstitial pneumonia in sheep

True

Clinical signs of the central nervous system can be seen in the case of visna

True

Prions contain protein and DNA

False

Infective prions are resistant against proteases

True

Mutations can result infective prions

False

Infection with infective prions generally happens per os

False

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy is widespread in Europe; it is common in most European countries

False

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy is spreading fast within an infected herd

False

The agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy is not shed by the infected animals

True

Antibodies against bovine spongiform encephalopathy are detected with ELISA

False

The agent of anthrax can infect only herbivorous animals

False

The agent of anthrax is not spreading from animal to animal

True

There is a septicemia in cattle in the case of anthrax

True

There are no vaccines for the prevention of anthrax

False

Blackleg is mainly seen in ruminants

True

Blackleg is caused by Clostridium chauvoei

True

Severe diarrhea is the main clinical sign of blackleg

False

Anaculture or anatoxin vaccines are used for the prevention of blackleg

True

Infectious necrotic hepatitis is caused by Clostridium septicum

False

Infectious necrotic hepatitis is mainly seen in suckling lambs

False

Parasite infection is a frequent predisposing effect of infectious necrotic hepatitis

True

Focal necrosis in the liver is a typical post mortem lesion of infectious necrotic hepatitis

True

Pulpy kidney disease is caused by Clostridium perfringens D

True

Pulpy kidney disease is typically seen in lambs below 2 weeks of age

False

The toxin of the agent of pulpy kidney disease damages the endothelial cells

True

Inactivated vaccines are used for the prevention of pulpy kidney disease

True

Strangles is caused by Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus

False

The morbidity of strangles is high, but the mortality is low

True

Abscesses are the typical clinical signs of strangles

True

Horses with strangles have to be treated with penicillin

True

Hemolysins and leucocidins are important virulence factors of Staphylococci

True

Morel's disease can be seen in sheep and goats

True

Morel's disease can mainly be seen in suckling animals

False

Abscesses and purulent inflammation are the typical lesions in the case of Morel's disease

True

Listeria can be found only in infected animals, they cannot survive in the environment

False

Listeria are transmitted from animal to animal very fast in the infected flock

False

The most frequent sign of bovine listeriosis is abortion

True

There is widespread vaccination for the prevention of listeriosis

False

Caseous lymphadenitis is caused by nitrate-negative Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis strains

True

Wound infection can predispose to caseous lymphadenitis

True

Caseous lymphadenitis can be generalized in sheep

True

Antibiotics cannot be used for the treatment of caseous lymphadenitis

False

Coronaviruses are enveloped viruses

True

Coronavirus diarrhea occurs in young calves between a few days and 3-4 weeks of age

True

Coronaviruses cause winter diarrhea in dairy cows with hemorrhagic access

True

There are no vaccines for the prevention of coronaviral diarrhea in cattle

False

All species of Felidae are susceptible to feline coronaviruses

True

Coronaviruses can cause asymptomatic infection in cats

True

Feline coronaviruses can cause mild watery diarrhea

True

Feline infectious peritonitis is an acute disease, it appears after a 2-3 days long incubation

False

Stallions may be long-term carriers of the Equine arteritis virus

True

Conjunctivitis and subcutaneous edema are possible signs of equine viral arteritis

True

Porcine reproductive and respiratory vines (PRRSV) does not cause clinical signs in boars

False

Inactivated vaccines alone cannot induce protective immunity against PRRSV

True

Rhabdoviruses have high resistance they keen their infectivity for several months in the environment

False

Vesicular stomatitis is a common disease all over the world

False

Vesicular stomatitis can occur in ruminants, pigs and horses

True

The mortality of vesicular stomatitis is very high

False

Sylvatic rabies is maintained by foxes in Europe

True

Rabies virus is spreading along the nerves to the central nervous system

True

Rabies virus is shed in the saliva only after the appearance of the clinical signs

False

Changed behavior is a typical sign of rabies

True

Focal necrosis in the liver is a typical lesion of rabies

False

Immunofluorescence test is widely used diagnostic method in the case of rabies

True

Virus neutralization test is used to the laboratory diagnosis of rabies cases

False

Dogs have to be vaccinated for the prevention of rabies at the age of 3 months for the first time

True

Retroviruses carry reverse transcriptase enzyme

True

Retroviruses generally cause long, frequently life-long infection

True

Malignant transformation can be caused by retroviruses

True

Retroviruses are generally genetically very stable

False

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is spreading horizontally in a cattle herd

True

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus cannot infect fetuses

False

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is passed to newborn calves mainly with colostrum in endemically infected herds

False

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be transmitted in blood

True

Sheep cannot be infected with the caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus

False

Kids can be infected with caprine arthritis encephalitis virus through the milk

True

Encephalitis caused by caprine arthritis encephalitis virus is typically seen in 2-4 months old kids

True

Arthritis caused by caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus is typically seen in kids below half a year of age

False

Equine infectious anemia is caused by a lentivirus

True

Blood sucking arthropods are mechanical vectors of equine infectious anaemia virus

True

There is no immune reaction in horses against equine infectious anaemia virus

False

Agar gel precipitation test can be used to the detection of antibodies against equine infectious anaemia virus

True

Transmissible encephalopathies are slow diseases

True

In the case of transmissible encephalopathies encephalitis can be seen in the gray material of the brain

False

Transmissible encephalopathies are caused by prions

True

PCR is used to the detection of prions

False

The agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy infects animals per os

True

The agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy is spreading along the nerves in the infected animals

True

The agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy is shed in large number in the milk

False

Changed behavior is a typical sign of bovine spongiform encephalopathy

True

Anthrax does not occur in Europe anymore

False

Anthrax is caused by Bacillus bovin

False

The capsule is an important virulence factor of the agent of anthrax

True

The agent of anthrax cannot form spore in the infected animals

True

Malignant edema occurs only in ruminants.

False

Clostridium septicum is an agent of malignant edema

True

Malignant edema can frequently be seen as a result of wound infection

True

Attenuated vaccines are used for the prevention of malignant edema

False

Bradsot is mainly seen in late autumn and winter

True

Bradsot is caused by Clostridium septicum

True

Severe pneumonia is a typical clinical sign of bradsot

Flase

Bradsot has a very fast course

True

Ulcerative enteritis of chicken is caused by Clostridium colinum

True

Ulcerative enteritis is frequently seen in day old chicken

Flase

Coccidiosis is a common predisposing factor of ulcerative enteritis of chicken

True

Ulcers sometimes covered with pseudomembranes are frequent post mortem lesions of ulcerative enteritis of chicken

True

Iron deficiency is a predisposing factor of porcine streptococcosis

True

Streptococcus suis is the main agent of porcine streptococcosis

True

Porcine streptococcosis is more frequent among adult animals than among young piglets

False

Abscesses in the liver can frequently be seen in the case of porcine streptococcosis

True

Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus can cause septicemia in day old chicken

True

Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus can cause dermatitis in growers and hens

True

Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus is the causative agent of exudative dermatitis in pigs

False

Vesicles are formed in the case of exudative dermatitis in pigs

True

The causative agent of erysipelas of swine is Erysipelothrix suis

False

The agent of porcine erysipelas is carried by asymptomatic pigs

True

Warm weather and overcrowding can predispose to erysipelas of swine

True

Diamond skin disease is a subacute form of erysipelas of swine

True

Corynebacterium bovis is the causative agent of bovine pyelonephritis

False

Clinical signs of bovine pyelonephritis generally appear after calving

True

Frequent, painful urination is common clinical sign of bovine pyelonephritis

True

Penicillin can be used for the treatment of bovine pyelonephritis

True

Transmissible gastroenteritis of pigs is more frequent in the tropical countries that the moderate climate

False

There is no cross protection between transmissible gastroenteritis vines and the pulmonary coronavirus of pigs

False

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus can cause clinical disease only in pigs

True

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus spreads rapidly in the herd

True

Infectious bronchitis virus of chicken is a uniform virus without any types of variants

False

There is no germinative infection in the case of infectious bronchitis of chicken

True

Infectious bronchitis virus replicates in the epithelial cells of the trachea and bronchi

True

Infectious bronchitis virus can result in damaged or abnormal shell formation

True

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an Arterivirus

True

Boars can transmit porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in the semen

True

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus cannot cause abortion, only infertility of the sows

False

There are no vaccines for the prevention of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome

False

Ephemeral fever occurs in the tropical countries

True

Inhalation of the tracheal discharge is the main way of infection with ephemeral fever virus

False

The clinical signs of ephemeral fever are more severe in horses than cattle

False

Animals with ephemeral fever have fever for about 2-3 day

True

The rabies virus is very resistant, it retains its infectivity for a few weeks in the environment

False

Only carnivorous animals are susceptible to rabies virus

False

Urban form of rabies is maintained by dogs and cats

True

The sylvatic form of rabies is maintained by foxes in Europe

True

Increased salivation is a clinical sign of rabies

True

Always the furious form of rabies can be seen in dogs

False

Colic can be a sign of rabies in horses

True

Changed behavior is a clinical sign of rabies of wild living animals

True

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is carried lifelong by the infected animal

True

By the end of the incubation phase the animals become seropositive leukosis virus

True

Tumors can be seen in about 90% of the animals infected with enzootic bovine leukosis virus

False

Antibodies in the milk against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected with ELISA

True

Maedi/visna virus causes viraemia

True

Wet cough and intensive nasal discharge are typical signs of maedi

False

De-myelinization is the reason for the clinical signs of visna

True

Attenuated vaccines are widely used to prevent maedi/visn

False

There are several subgroups of avian leukosis viruses

True

All avian leukosis viruses cause malignant transformation of the host cells

True

Avian leukosis viruses are shed in the faces

True

Avian leukosis viruses cannot cause germinative infection

False

Only horses are susceptible to Borna disease virus

False

Horse is the reservoir species of Borna disease virus

False

Clinical signs of Borna disease appear very slowly

True

Dyspnea, nasal discharge and cough are the main signs of Borna disease

False

Infective prions are resistant to proteases

True

Prions contain protein and DNA

False

Prions always cause viraemia in the infected hosts

False

Prions are spreading in the host along the nerves

True

Minks are infected with transmissible mink encephalopathy prion per os

True

Minks shed the transmissible mink encephalopathy prion in the feces

False

Changed behavior is a typical sign of transmissible mink encephalopathy

True

Movement disorders are typical signs of transmissible mink encephalopathy

True

Anthrax is caused by Bacillus bovis

False

The capsule of the agent of anthrax is polypeptide

True

Anaerobic conditions are needed to the spore formation of the agent of anthrax

Flase

Pigs are the most susceptible animals to the agent of anthrax

False

Clostridium histolyticum can cause malignant edema

True

Malignant edema can be seen only in ruminants

False

Agents of malignant edema can be detected by bacterium culture

True

There are no vaccines for the prevention of malignant edema

False

Phospholipase C is a virulence factor of the agent of bacillary hemoglobinuria

True

Intravascular hemolysis happens in the case of bacillary hemoglobinuria

True

Bacillary hemoglobinuria is a slow, chronic disease

False

Bacillary hemoglobinuria can frequently be seen in horses

False

Coccidiosis is a predisposing factor of necrotic enteritis of chicken

True

Foamy, brownish-red feces is a clinical sign of necrotic enteritis of chicken

True

Lesions of necrotic enteritis of chicken are typically occur in the large intestine

False

Day-old chickens are widely vaccinated in order to prevent of necrotic enteritis

False

Streptococcus pyogenes is the main agent of porcine streptococcosis

False

Iron deficiency can be a predisposing factor of streptococcosis of pigs

True

Streptococcosis of pigs can be seen generally among fattening pigs

False

Neurological signs are common in the case of porcine streptococcosis

True

Staphylococci can cause disease only in day-old birds but not in growers or adults

False

Marek-disease can predispose poultry to staphylococcosis

True

Omphalitis is a clinical sign of avian staphylococcosis

True

Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus can kill the chicken embryo

True

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae can infect only pigs

False

Overcrowding is a predisposing factor of erysipelas of swine

True

The agent of swine erysipelas can cause septicemia

True

Arthritis can be a clinical sign of erysipelas

True

Ulcerative lymphangitis is caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

True

Abscess formation is a typical clinical sign of ulcerative lymphangitis

True

Bovine pyelonephritis can mainly be seen in young calves under half a year of age

False

Bovine pyelonephritis is seen as a result of an ascending infection

True

The haemagglutinin (H) gene of influenza viruses is highly variable, mutates readily

True

The neuraminidase (N) gene of influenza viruses is highly variable, mutates readily

True

The nucleocapsid gene of influenza viruses is highly variable, mutates readily

False

The RNA dependent RNA polymerase gene of influenza viruses is highly variable, mutates readily

False

Antigenic drift is the consequence of segment rearrangement

False

Antigenic shift is the consequence of segment rearrangement

True

The complete genome of influenza viruses consists of 2 segments

False

The primary host of influenza viruses is the pig

False

Peste des petites ruminants virus can cause hemorrhagic pneumonia

True

Distemper virus infects only species belonging to Canidae

False

Distemper virus spreads mainly by droplet infection

True

Distemper virus can cause fetopathy

True

Velogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus always cause encephalitis

True

Lentogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus can be used for vaccine production

True

Parainfluenza 3 virus of cattle spreads mainly by arthropod vectors

False

Symptoms of parainfluenza 3 virus infection of cattle are similar to RS virus infection

True

BCoV can cause haemagglutination

True

IBV can cause haemagglutination

False

PDCoV can cause haemagglutination

False

CCoV can cause haemagglutination

False

Winter dysentery causes symptoms in younger age (up to 6 months of age)

False

Coronavirus dysentery in calves can be observed up to 3 weeks of age

True

PRCoV gives cross protection against TGEV

True

PDCoV causes symptoms in pigs

True

The blue ear disease is caused by dog coronavirus

False

The blue ear disease is caused by FIP

False

The blue ear disease is caused by chicken coronavirus

False

The blue ear disease is caused by PRRS

True

The vesicular stomatitis virus is uniform, there are no serotypes, variants etc

False

The resistance of the vesicular stomatitis virus is low

True

Vesicular stomatitis virus can be transmitted by direct contact or arthropods

True

Vesicular stomatitis virus can cause lesions on the teats

True

Only the classical rabies virus can cause clinical signs, the other genotypes not

False

All warm-blooded animals are susceptible to rabies virus

True

Rabies virus is shed in the saliva in high titre

True

The sylvatic form of rabies is maintained by different wild living animals

True

The resistance of retroviruses is generally good, they survive in the environment well

False

Reverse transcriptase is produced by retroviruses

True

The nucleic acid of retroviruses can be integrated into the genome of the host cell

True

Retroviruses frequently cause immune suppression

True

Tumors caused by enzootic leukosis virus generally appear at the age of 6 months

False

The infection with enzootic leukosis virus is detected by AGP and ELISA

True

Selection (test and slaughter) method of eradication cannot be used in the case of enzootic bovine leukosis

False

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is zoonotic

False

All avian leukosis viruses are oncogenic

True

There is no germinative infection in the case of avian leukosis

False

In a flock infected with avian leukosis virus generally 50-60% of the animals have tumours

False

Detection of COFAL antigen is a frequent way of diagnosis of avian leukosis

True

Infective prions are resistant against proteases

True

Certain genotypes of sheep are resistant against scrapie prion

True

Sheep cannot shed the scrapie prion

False

Clinical signs of scrapie are most frequent in animals between 6 and 12 months of age

False

The spore of the agent of anthrax can be produced only in anaerobic conditions

False

The agent of anthrax causes septicemia in ruminants

True

Animals showing clinical signs of anthrax are not allowed to be treated with antibiotics

False

Anthrax cannot be prevented with vaccination

False

Infectious necrotic hepatitis is caused by Clostridium septicum

False

Liver flukes predispose animals to infectious necrotic hepatitis

True

Focal necrosis in the liver is a typical post mortem lesion of infectious necrotic hepatitis

True

Anatoxin vaccines can be used for the prevention of infectious necrotic hepatitis

True

Lamb dysentery is caused by Clostridium dysenteriae

False

Lamb dysentery can be seen in lambs after weaning

False

Lesions of lamb dysentery are in the small intestine

True

There is no vaccine for the prevention of lamb dysentery

False

Generally wounds predispose animals to botulism

False

The agent of botulism generally produces toxin at the site of entry

False

Flaccid paralysis is the main clinical sign of botulism

True

Botulism is diagnosed on the basis of the typical post mortem lesions

False

Morel's disease is caused by Streptococcus pyogenes

False

Abscesses in the lymph nodes and in the subcutaneous tissue are typical in Morel's disease

True

Overcrowding is a predisposing factor of rabbit staphylococcosis

True

Bronchopneumonia is a frequent clinical sign of rabbit staphylococcosis

True

The agent of listeriosis can be frequently present in the silage

True

The agent of listeriosis is an intracellular bacterium

True

The main clinical sign of listeriosis in sheep is pneumonia

False

Vaccination of sheep against listeriosis with inactivated vaccines is widely done in Europe

False

Caseous lymphadenitis is caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

True

Phospholipase D is an important virulence factor of the agent of caseous lymphadenitis

True

The clinical signs of caseous lymphadenitis can be seen typically in suckling lambs

False

Abscesses in the lymph nodes are typical lesions of caseous lymphadenitis

True

Midterm 3 (2) Flashcards

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