Midterm 3 (1) Flashcards by Henriette Wisnes

Bovine parainfluenza virus 3 is frequently endemic in cattle farms

True

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Parainfluenza 3 viruses causes disease primarily in young calves

True

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A common route of infection with parainfluenza 3 is through inhalation

True

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The main clinical sign of a parainfluenza 3 is diarrhoea

False

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Parainfluenza 3 virus can predispose cattle to pneumonia caused by bacteria

True

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Parainfluenza 3 aids in secondary bacterial contaminations

True

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Bovine respiratory syncytial virus is caused by pneumovirus and we use inactivated vaccines for prevention

True

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The world is free of Peste des petites ruminants

False

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Over 50% of the animals may die during a Peste des petites ruminants outbreak

True

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The Peste des petites ruminants are endemic in North- and South America

False

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Erosive lesions in the oral cavity are frequent signs of Peste des petites ruminants

True

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Only cattle are susceptible to Rinderpest infections

False

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Rinderpest virus can survive in the environment for several months

False

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Rinderpest virus survives in nature for years

False

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Rinderpest is carries by animals for a long time

False

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Rinderpest commonly occurs in Africa and in Latin America

False

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It is mandatory to vaccinate cattle against Rinderpest

False

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Nowadays the Rinderpest virus is used as a heterologous vaccine against the PPR virus

False

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The outcome of Canine distemper virus infection is very much influenced by the immune response of the dog in utero

True

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Distemper virus infects only dogs

False

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Distemper can cause abortion

True

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The Canine distemper virus can infect only dogs

False

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Canine distemper virus may result in abortion

True

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Canine distemper virus only infects Canidae

False

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Clinical manifestation of the Canine distemper is mainly seen in 3-4 months-old dogs

True

The dominant clinical sign of Canine distemper is diarrhea

False

Distemper occurs in lions and dolphins

True

Surviving distemper does not result in protection

False

Distemper can cause encephalitis in dogs

True

Dogs infected with Canine distemper virus usually become life-long carriers and shedders

False

Distemper causes de-myelinization

True

Vaccinations against distemper at half years of age

False

Distemper can predispose dogs to secondary bacterial infections

True

Canine parainfluenza virus 2 frequently causes encephalitis in old dogs

False

Canine distemper virus often causes cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in the urinary bladder epithelial cells

True

Parainfluenza virus 2 infection is frequent in the aetiology of kennel cough

False

Distemper through conjunctival smear can be diagnosed by immunofluorescence technique

True

Feline morbillivirus infection may be associated with tubulo-interstitial nephritis in cats

True

Hendra virus is found only in Australia

True

The natural hosts of Hendra-viruses are flying foxes (Pteropus bats)

True

Hendra-viruses can cause encephalitis in horses and in humans

False

Wild birds may be reservoir hosts of the Nipah-viruses

False

Nipah virus is transmitted mainly by arthropod vectors

False

Wild birds may be reservoir hosts of the Newcastle disease virus

True

Members of every APMV serogroup can cause Newcastle’s disease

False

Avian paramyxovirus belongs into 9 serogroups

True

Any member of the avian paramyxovirus serogroups may cause Newcastle disease

False

The sequence of Newcastle disease virus F0 splice site, is a significant factor of its virulence

True

Velogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus cause an acute septicaemia

False

Newcastle disease virus can be taken up by inhalation and per os

True

An acute, nervous form of Newcastle disease virus can frequently be seen in dogs

False

The virulence of Newcastle disease strains can be determined by sequence analysis of certain genes

True

Newcastle disease virus cause dwarfism in embryonated chicken eggs

False

Newcastle disease is caused by virulent strains of serogroup APMV-1

True

Lentogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus can cause disease in young turkey

False

Velogenic-viscerotropic NDV strains can cause disease with high mortality

True

Wild boars may transmit Newcastle disease virus

False

CNS clinical signs are frequently seen in chicken in the case of Newcastle disease

True

An acute, nervous form of Newcastle disease virus can frequently be seen in ducks

False

Newcastle disease virus velogen viscerotop and neurotrop causes neurological signs

True

New castle disease could easily be differentiated from avian influenza

False

Avian paramyxovirus-1 usually causes central nervous disease in pigeons

True

Velogenic strain of Newcastle disease virus cause an acute form of the disease

True

Newcastle disease virus cannot survive long in the environment

False

Lentogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus do not cause clinical signs

True

An intracerebral pathogenicity index higher than 0.7 is a criterion of Newcastle disease

True

Newcastle disease virus is typically vectored by ticks

False

Vaccination against Newcastle disease is used all over the world

True

Live mesogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus is used for vaccination in Europe

True

Only inactivated vaccines can be used against Newcastle disease virus

False

Mesogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus are used for vaccination in some countries

True

Wild birds may be reservoir hosts of avian metapneumoviruses

True

Swollen head syndrome (SHS) caused by avian metapneumonia virus

True

In avian metapneumovirus infection the egg production drops/decreases

True

Avian metapneumoviruses can cause respiratory signs and egg production problems

True

It is possible to determine the virulence of AMPV-1 strains by sequencing

False

Turkey rhinotracheitis virus causes disease in turkeys and chickens

True

Turkey rhinotracheitis is most frequent at 4-9 weeks of age

True

Equine infectious arteritis is a notifiable disease

True

Equine infectious arteritis is stenoxen viruses

True

Equine arthritis virus is very resistant to physical damages

False

Equine viral arteritis can affect donkeys

True

Equine arteritis virus is a uniform virus without serotypes, subtypes etc

True

Aerogenic infection can happen in the case of equine arteritis virus

True

Lameness due to inflammatory joints is the most typical sign of Equine infectious arteritis

False

After equine viral arteritis virus infection, mortality rate is low

True

The main target of Equine viral arteritis virus is macrophages

True

Equine viral arteritis is transmitted by a sexual and aerogenic pathways

True

Equine viral arteritis, aborted embryos have degenerated liver

False

Equine arteritis virus is shed in the semen

True

Equine viral arteritis is usually asymptomatic

True

Conjunctivitis and subcutaneous edema are possible signs of equine viral arteritis

True

Equine viral arteritis is diagnosed by agarose-gel immunodiffusion (Coggins test)

False

Subcutaneous edema is a frequent sign of equine viral arteritis

True

Pregnant mares usually abort in the acute phase of equine viral arteritis

True

The Equine arteritis virus (EAV) may cause abortion in pregnant mares

True

Equine arteritis virus can cause abortion

True

Mares are frequently life-long carriers of the Equine arteritis virus

False

Equine viral arthritis causes reproductive problems/impotence in stallions

True

In case of equine viral arteritis, the rate of seroconverted animals increases with age

True

Stallions may be long-term carriers of the Equine arteritis virus

True

Vaccination of colts before puberty can prevent the development of EAV-carrier status

True

Equine infectious arteritis is a notifiable disease, therefore vaccinations are forbidden

False

Equine viral arteritis can be controlled in part by removing long-term carriers

True

Acute equine viral arthritis is similar to Equine infectious anemia

True

Porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (PRRSV) is a zoonotic agent

False

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an Arterivirus

True

PRRS: reproductive and respiratory problems and others with other virulence

True

The Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is only present in North-America

False

PRRS virus has 3 genotypes

False

PRRSV attacks the active macrophages

True

Porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (PRRSV) propagates in lymphatic cells

True

PRRS infection has two clinical phases

True

Target cells of PRRSV are alveolar epithelial cells

False

PRRS causes immune suppression in prolonged cases

True

PRRS is characterized by respiratory disease in adult pigs

False

PRRS: cyanosis is one clinical symptom

True

PRRS virus affects the respiratory system in young piglets

True

Edema can be a sign of PRRS

True

PRRS virus causes severe intestinal problems in adult pig

False

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus cannot cause abortion only infertility of the sows

False

The PRRS virus may cause reproductive problems in boars

True

PRRSV infection may influence the reproductive performance of boars

True

Boars can transmit porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in the semen

True

Porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (PRRSV) can cause abortion only in the advanced stage of pregnancy (over 90 days)

False

Attenuated and inactivated vaccines are available against PRRS

True

Porcine reproductive and respiratory vines (PRRSV does not cause clinical signs in boars

False

PRRS virus can only be isolated in porcine kidney cell culture

False

There are no vaccines for the prevention of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome

False

Inactivated vaccines alone cannot induce protective immunity against PRRSV

True

Only inactivated vaccines can be used for the prevention against PRRSV

False

Porcine parvoviruses and PRRSV may cause similar disease in sows

True

For PRRS prevention we can get a very good immunization with inactivated vaccines

False

Borna disease virus is spreading from cell to cell

True

Borna disease occurs mainly in the Far East

False

Borna disease replicate in the nucleus of cells and is called Joest Degen bodies

True

Borna disease can be seen all over the world

False

Clinical signs of Borna disease appear very slowly

True

Borna disease is widespread all over the world

False

Mainly central nervous clinical signs can be seen in the case of Borna disease

True

Horse is the reservoir species of Borna disease virus

False

Borna disease causes dementia / CNS signs

True

Borna disease appears in horses only

False

Most animals showing clinical signs of Borna disease die due to it

True

Only horses are susceptible to Borna disease virus

False

Only ruminants are susceptible to Borna disease virus

False

The lethality of Borna disease is low

False

Respiratory signs are the most typical ones in the case of Borna disease

False

Dyspnea, nasal discharge and cough are the main signs of Borna disease

False

Pneumonia is the main clinical sign of Borna disease

False

Coronaviruses have a weak physical resistance

True

Coronaviruses can survive for months in the environment

False

Coronaviruses are enveloped viruses

True

Coronaviruses frequently mutate and recombine

False(?)

Coronaviruses can cause asymptomatic infection in cats

True

Porcine respiratory coronavirus causes acute pneumonia in susceptible piglets

False

Cattle can be infected with coronavirus per os

True

Cattle can be infected with coronavirus by inhalation

True

Bovine coronavirus can infect humans

False

Bovine coronaviruses causes mainly respiratory and enteric diseases

True

Bovine coronaviruses usually infect the respiratory and the digestive systems

True

Certain bovine coronaviruses can cause diarrhea in children

False

Calf coronavirus diarrhea is characterized by several respiratory signs

False

Bovine coronavirus may induce both respiratory and enteric signs

True

Certain bovine coronaviruses can affect humans causing clinical signs

False

Bovine coronaviruses may cause respiratory signs in calves

True

Bovine corona virus can cause respiratory problems

True

Coronaviruses mainly cause central nervous disease in cattle

False

Coronavirus can cause enteritis in calves typically on the first week of life

True

Surviving winter dysentery gives permanent protection only against homologous infection

False

Coronavirus diarrhea occurs in young calves between a few days and 3-4 weeks of age

True

Bovine corona virus causes diarrhea in adult animals mainly in summer

False

Coronaviruses cause winter diarrhea in dairy cows

True

Coronaviruses cause winter diarrhea in dairy cows with hemorrhagic access

True

Calves can be protected against coronavirus diarrhea by vaccinations of pregnant cows

True

Bovine coronaviruses can cause diarrhea only in calves up to one month of age

False

There are no vaccines for the prevention of coronaviral diarrhea in cattle

False

Transmissible Gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) is widespread.

True

TGE is completely eradicated in Europe

False

TGE appears in Hungary

True

Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis is completely eradicated in Europe

False

Today TGE occurs in an enzootic form

True

Transmissible gastroenteritis of swine is a widespread disease, causing high losses in Europe

False

The Porcine respiratory coronavirus has been evolved from the Transmissible gastroenteritis virus

True

The incubation time of TGE is usually 1-3 days

True

Transmissible gastroenteritis of pigs is more frequent in the tropical countries that the moderate climate

False

Today TGE occurs in epizootic form

False

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus spreads rapidly in the herd

True

TGE infects only swine

False

TGE virus causes high morbidity

True

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus provides cross protection to hemagglutinating coronavirus

False

There is no cross protection b/t transmissible gastroenteritis vines and the pulmonary coronavirus of pigs

False

TGE causes 100% mortality in susceptible piglets under 1 week of age

True

Porcine respiratory coronavirus induces cross-protection against PED

False

Maternal immunity is essential against TGE infection of piglets

True

Porcine respiratory coronavirus reduced the prevalence of porcine epidemic diarrhea

False

Transmissible gastroenteritis is the more severe in piglets than in adult swine

True

PED is similar to TGE

True

Porcine respiratory coronavirus causes acute pneumonia in susceptible piglets

False

TGEV is widespread and fully replaced porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) virus

False

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus can cause clinical disease only in pigs

True

TGE replaces the respiratory corona virus

False

The incubation time of TGE is usually 5-7 days

False

TGE virus infects the digestive and the respiratory system

True

The incubation period of TGE can be as short as 8 hours

False

The characteristic symptoms of TGE are vomiting and diarrhea

True

TGE is devastating at any age

False

Transmissible gastroenteritis is usually asymptomatic in adults

True

TGE causes 100% mortality in sows

False

The lesions of transmissible gastroenteritis of swine are in the gastric mucosa and in the small intestine

True

The mortality caused by transmissible gastroenteritis of swine is the highest among old sows

False

TGE mainly cause croupous pneumonia

False

Porcine respiratory coronavirus infection usually provides cross-protection from Transmissible gastroenteritis virus infection

True

TGE virus infects the digestive and the respiratory systems

False

Porcine respiratory coronavirus induces cross protection against TGE

True

Swine pulmonary corona virus has a high mortality by pneumonia

False

Porcine respiratory coronavirus induces cross-protection from transmissible gastroenteritis

True

Pulmonary coronavirus provides cross protection to the virus of transmissible gastroenteritis of swine

True

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus can infect only swine

False

Only pigs are susceptible to TGE infection

False

Porcine epidemic diarrhoea frequently occurs in Europe

False

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus can cause disease in humans

False

Porcine epidemic diarrhea is present only in Africa and in the Middle East

False

The virus causing porcine epidemic diarrhea can replicate in the heart muscle of the foetus

False

Porcine epidemic diarrhea can replicate in the colon.

True

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus causes more severe symptoms in adult than in young piglets

False

Porcine epidemic diarrhea can be transmitted by infected dogs and cats

False

Porcine epidemic diarrhea usually resembles TGE

True

Porcine respiratory corona virus has reduced the prevalence of porcine epidemic diarrhoea

False

Porcine respiratory coronavirus induces cross-protection against PED

False

Hemagglutinating coronavirus is present worldwide

True

Hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus is typically vectored by mosquitoes

False

Hemagglutinating coronavirus/Ontario Disease is sporadic in Hungary

True

Porcine respiratory coronavirus is a modification of the Hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus

False

The occurrence of coronavirus encephalomyelitis of piglets is usually sporadic

True

The hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus multiply in hematopoietic stem cells of the bone marrow

False

Hemagglutination encephalomyelitis virus infects young pigs

True

Hemagglutinating coronavirus can cause severe diarrhea in sows

False

Hemagglutinating coronavirus can cause encephalomyelitis in suckling piglets

True

Hemagglutinating coronavirus of pigs is frequently causing malabsorption in sows

False

Canine coronavirus are only present in North America

False

Pantropic canine coronavirus infections are endemic worldwide

False

Canine coronavirus (CCoV-1) causes diarrhea in young susceptible dogs

True

Canine coronavirus is part of kennel cough

True

CCoV-IIa infections are endemic worldwide

True

In suckling dogs CCoV-II infection causes respiratory disease

False

Canine coronaviruses frequently cause encephalitis and hepatitis in puppies

False

Canine respiratory coronavirus infection results cross-protection against CCoV-1

False

Canine alphacoronavirus type Il may cause hemorrhagic disease in 1-2-month-old pups

True

Canine respiratory coronavirus infection results cross-protection against CCoV-114

False

There are no protective vaccines available against Canine enteric coronavirus

False

Dog enteral coronavirus: some strains can cause hemorrhagic diseases in some visceral organs

True

Feline coronavirus has two serotypes, both having two pathotypes

True

All species of Felidae are susceptible to feline coronaviruses

True

Feline infectious peritonitis viruses form a single serotype

False

Feline corona virus does not have a long infection/carrier time

False

Feline infectious peritonitis is an acute disease, it appears after a 2-3 days long incubation

False

Feline enteric coronavirus (FECoV) can only infect Felidae

True

Feline enteric coronaviruses may infect dogs

False

Feline enteric coronavirus infection of cats is very common

True

The Feline enteric coronavirus usually does not cause severe enteritis

True

Feline coronaviruses can cause mild watery diarrhoea

True

Feline enteric coronavirus causes FIP in 5-10% of cases

True

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) develops only in adult cats (over 1 year of age)

False

FIP causes infection only in cats younger than 1 year of age

False

FIP mainly infects with feces

True

Feline enteric coronavirus infection usually causes sudden death of queens

False

Effusive FIP is the result of a type 3 hypersensitivity reaction

True

In the background of FIP can be immunopathological processes

True

FECoV infection usually causes acute hemorrhagic enteritis

False

Feline enteric coronavirus usually causes severe, hemorrhagic enteritis in kittens

False

Cell-mediated hypersensitivity plays a major role in the background of non-effusive feline infectious peritonitis

True

Decreased serum albumin/globulin ratio may indicate FIP

True

FIP forms because of immunotolerance

False

Vaccine effectively protects from feline infectious peritonitis

False

Infectious bronchitis has a lot of serotypes

True

Infectious bronchitis virus can result damaged or shell formation

True

Infectious bronchitis virus damages the ovaries only in hens

False

Infectious bronchitis viruses have a wide range of serotypes including many variants

True

Infectious bronchitis virus of chicken is a uniform virus without any types of variants

False

The clinical signs of Infectious bronchitis and Newcastle disease may be similar

True

Infections bronchitis virus vaccines are used against turkey enteritis

False

There is no germinative infection in the case of infectious bronchitis of chicken

True

Infectious bronchitis viruses may have different organ tropism

True

There are no vaccines for the prevention of infectious bronchitis of chicken

False

Infectious bronchitis virus can cause renal problems

True

Attenuated vaccines can be used against infectious bronchitis

True

Germinative route is the most important in the transmission of infectious bronchitis

False

Infectious bronchitis virus can damage the oviduct

True

Infectious bronchitis can spread very slowly in the flock causing chronic disease

False

Infectious bronchitis virus can cause severe respiratory signs in young chicken

True

Infectious bronchitis viruses form 2 distinct serotypes

False

Inactivated vaccines can be used against infectious bronchitis

True

Infectious bronchitis virus can cause inflammatory lesions in the oviduct of chicken

True

Infectious bronchitis virus replicates in the epithelial cells of the trachea and bronchi

True

Infectious bronchitis viruses belong into 3 distinct serotypes

False

Turkey corona virus does not cause strong diarrhea and causes no necrosis

False

Vaccination of turkey breeding flocks against Turkey enteritis virus is mandatory

False

Turkey enteritis is characterized by age-dependent mortality rates

True

Rhabdoviruses are enveloped viruses

True

Rhabdoviruses are very resistant and they can survive in the environment for several weeks

False

Rhabdoviruses can survive in the environment for several months

False

Ephemeral fever occurs only in America

False

Vesicular stomatitis is endemic in America

True

Vesicular stomatitis virus is found all over the world

False

Vesicular stomatitis virus is transmitted only by arthropods

False

Vesicular stomatitis, animals can recover

True

Vesicular stomatitis virus spreads with insects

True

Vesicular stomatitis virus can infect humans

True

Vesicular stomatitis is a common disease all over the world

False

Vesicular stomatitis occurs in America

True

Vesicular stomatitis is a zoonosis

True

Cattle are not susceptible to vesicular stomatitis virus

False

Only ruminants have vesicular stomatitis

False

Vesicular stomatitis virus infects only swine

False

Vesicular stomatitis virus can cause severe disease in humans

False

Vesicular stomatitis virus can spread by direct contact

True

Sand flies and midges can transmit vesicular stomatitis virus

True

Increased salivation is a clinical sign of vesicular stomatitis

True

In the case of vesicular stomatitis vesicles are formed only at the place of entry of the virus

False

Vesicular stomatitis can cause vesicles on the foot

True

The mortality of vesicular stomatitis is very high

False

Vesicular stomatitis virus: horse is sensitive

True

Vesicular stomatitis can occur in ruminants, pigs and horses

True

Insects are involved in the transmission of vesicular stomatitis virus

True

There are no vaccines for the prevention of vesicular stomatitis

False

Lesions of vesicular stomatitis heal within a few weeks

True

Vesicular stomatitis can be generalized

True

Vesicular stomatitis cannot be prevented with vaccines

False

After recovery of VSV there will be a permanent immunity

True

Ephemeral fever occurs in the tropical countries

True

Inhalation of the tracheal discharge is the main way of infection with ephemeral fever virus

False

The morbidity is high, the mortality is low in the case of ephemeral fever

True

Animals with ephemeral fever have fever for about 2-3 days

True

The clinical signs of ephemeral fever are more severe in horses than cattle

False

Drop of milk production is a common sign of ephemeral fever

True

Warm blooded animals can be infected with rabies

True

Rabies has been eradicated in Europe

False

Rabies virus is shed in the saliva only after the appearance of the clinical signs

False

Immunofluorescence (IF) is reliable in the diagnosis of rabies

True

Only carnivorous animals are susceptible to rabies virus

False

Changed behavior is a clinical sign of rabies of wild living animals

True

In cats furious form of rabies is typical

True

Only the classical rabies virus is present in Europe

False

Since 2002 rabies is eradicated from Hungary

False

Colic can be a sign of rabies in horses

True

Humans can be infected by Rabies during organ transplants

True

Rabies virus is replicating in the lymphoid cells and causes viraemia before the appearance of the clinical signs

False

Increased salivation is a clinical sign of rabies

True

Paralysis is a typical sign of rabies

True

Urban form of rabies is maintained by the fox in Europe

False

There is no haematogenic spreading of the rabies virus

False

When an animal which is infected with rabies virus attacks another dog it should be vaccinated immediately

False(?)

Dogs have to be vaccinated for the prevention of rabies at the age of 3 months for the first time

True

The rabid bats fly during the day

True

Virus isolation is the most widely used way of diagnosis of rabies

True

Rabies virus is highly resistant

False

Urban form of rabies is maintained by dogs and cats

True

Humans can be infected by Rabies bite

True

Always the furious form of rabies can be seen in dogs

False

The causative agent of rabies is a uniform virus without different types or groups

False

Immunofluorescence test can be used to the detection of rabies virus in the brain

True

Fox rabies can use live vaccines

True

We can diagnose rabies by antibody detection test

False

Focal necrosis in the liver is a typical lesion of rabies

False

Rabid animals have to be vaccinated immediately

False

Aggressiveness is a frequent sign of rabies

True

Rabies: one of the important symptoms is the change of behaviour

True

High amount of rabies virus is shed in the saliva

True

The resistance of the rabies virus is good, it retains infectivity for several months in the environment

False

Humans are not susceptible to European bat lyssaviruses

False

Rabies can be transmitted only by saliva

False

Rabies virus can only be found in the nervous system

True

Changed behavior is a typical sign of rabies

True

In calm rabies the dogs cannot bark

True

Immunofluorescence test is the most frequently used way of detection of rabies virus

True

Rabies virus is spreading in the infected animals peri-neural

False

Rabies spread through venereal

False

The incubation of rabies is generally less than one week

False

Rabies virus is shed in high titre in the saliva

True

All warm-blooded animals are susceptible to rabies virus

True

Dogs maintain urban rabies

True

Rabies virus cannot be cultured

False

Rabies symptoms appear only after CNS signs

False

Presence of antibodies to rabies virus confirms the diagnosis of rabies

False

The sylvatic form of rabies is maintained by foxes in Europe

True

The incubation time of rabies is variable, generally between 2 and 8 weeks

True

The rabies virus is a uniform virus without serotypes, genotypes, subtypes etc

False

Virus neutralization test is used to the laboratory diagnosis of rabies cases

False

Immunofluorescence test is widely used diagnostic method in the case of rabies

True

Rabies virus is spreading along the nerves to the central nervous system

True

Foxes are vaccinated with attenuated bait vaccine

True

Humans can be infected with rabies, only by being bitten by rabid animals

False

The rabies virus is very resistant, it retains its infectivity for a few weeks in the environment

False

Rabies is a uniform virus

False

Rabies: one important symptom is paralysis

True

In dogs both furious and silent form of rabies can occur

True

Dogs have to be vaccinated against rabies in the first week of life

False

Saliva can contain rabies virus before the appearance of clinical signs

True

Rabies is a resistant virus

False

Increased sexual activity is seen in rabid cattle

True

Detection of Negri bodies is more sensitive than immunofluorescence test in the case of rabies

False

Live vaccines are used to the vaccination of foxes against rabies

True

In rabies we find purulent encephalitis in negri-bodies

True

Inhalation of the virus is the main way of infection with rabies virus

False

The high-titer of virus neutralizing antibodies confirms the diagnosis of rabies

False

Rabies virus is shed in the saliva before appearance of the clinical signs

True

Retroviruses are widely distributed in Hungary

True

Retroviruses are generally resistant, they can survive in the environment for several weeks

False

Retroviruses are generally species specific

True

Retroviruses are enveloped viruses

True

Frequent genetic changes of retroviruses are common

True

Retroviruses replicate mainly in endothelia cells

False

Retroviruses have a tegument or rind

False

Retroviruses carry reverse transcriptase enzyme

True

Retroviruses can integrate the cellular genome

True

The resistance of retroviruses is low, they cannot survive in the environment for a long time

True

Retrovirus has a good immunogenicity

True

Retrovirus has a wide host spectrum

False

Retrovirus infection is long-lasting

True

You cannot multiply retrovirus artificially

False

Certain retroviruses can cause malignant transformation

True

Several retroviruses can cause malignant transformation in the hosts

True

Retrovirus can replicate without helper retroviruses

True

Retroviruses can incorporate into the genome

True

Retroviruses are generally stable viruses, mutations are very rare

False

Retroviruses show high host specificity

True

Retroviruses generally cannot survive in the environment for a long time

True

Retroviruses cannot spread from animal to animal

False

Retroviruses transcribe their nucleic acid to DNA

True

Reverse transcriptase is an important enzyme of retroviruses

True

Retroviruses are generally not carried for more than a month

False

Retroviruses generally have a large host range

False

Retroviruses are generally shed in infected lymphoid cells

True

Retrovirus has weak resistance

True

Retroviruses results in life-long infection

True

Retroviruses are generally genetically very stable

False

Malignant transformation can be caused by retroviruses

True

Certain retroviruses can cause proliferation of the lymphoid cells

True

The host range of retroviruses is generally wide

False

Retroviruses are generally good antigens

True

The animals will be infected with retroviruses until the end of their life

True

Retroviruses replicate mainly in endothelium cell

False

Retroviruses generally have a wide host range

False

Retroviruses spread with infected lymphocytes

True

Retroviruses generally cause long, frequently life-long infection

True

Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus is shed in the milk

True

Kids can be infected with caprine arthritis encephalitis virus through the milk

True

Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus replicates in the intestinal tract

False

In the case of caprine arthritis encephalitis the signs of encephalitis can be seen in 2-4 months old kids

True

Sheep cannot be infected with the caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus

False

Arthritis caused by caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus is typically seen in kids below half a year of age

False

Kids are recommended to be isolated in a herd where caprine arthritis encephalitis is present

True

Caprine arthritis encephalitis is characterized by CNS signs in young goats

True

Caprine arthritis-encephalitis: By the end of the incubation phase the animals become seropositive leukosis virus.

True

Bovine enzootic leukosis spreads slow in the herd

True

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is spreading horizontally in a cattle herd

True

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be transmitted with organic infection

True

The typical signs of bovine enzootic leukosis can be seen in cattle under 1 year of age

False

Bovine enzootic leucosis virus has several serotypes

False

PCR is used for the detection of bovine enzootic leucosis in immunotolerant calves

True

There is genetic predisposition in the case of bovine enzootic leucosis

True

Enzootic bovine leucosis only infects cattle

False

The target cells of the bovine enzootic leukosis virus are the T-lymphocytes

False

Bovine enzootic leucosis can be eradicated with selection

True

Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected in the ELISA test

True

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can infect cattle, pigs and horses

False

The target cell of bovine enzootic leucosis are the B-lymphocytes

True

Enzootic bovine leukosis can spread by air within the herd

True

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be transmitted with per os infection

True

Bovine enzootic leukosis does not spread with excretion

False

Clinical signs of enzootic bovine leukosis are seen mainly in 6-8-month-old calves

False

Tumors can be seen in about 90% of the animals infected with enzootic bovine leukosis virus

False

Bovine leukosis virus causes seropositivity in latency period

True

Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected in the milk

True

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is carried lifelong by the infected animal

True

Enzootic bovine leukosis during pre-tumor phase causes lymphocytosis

True

Enzootic bovine leucosis virus can infect the fetus

True

Bovine enzootic leukosis infect only bovine

False

Immune tolerance can happen in the case of enzootic bovine leucosis

True

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus has several serotypes and subtypes

False

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is not shed by the infected animals

False

Enzootic bovine leukosis can spread by veterinarian

True

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be transmitted in blood

True

Aerogenic infection occurs in the case of enzootic bovine leukosis virus

True

Bovine leukosis virus can give lifelong carriers

True

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can not result in tumor formation

False

Serological examination cannot be used to diagnosis of enzootic bovine leukosis

False

Selection cannot be used for eradication of enzootic bovine leucosis

False

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus cannot infect fetuses

False

Iatrogenic infection is frequent in the epidemiology of bovine enzootic leukosis

True

Bovine enzootic leukosis virus can be transmitted with lymphoid cells

True

During incubation phase of bovine enzootic leucosis the animal become seropositive

True

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is spreading very fast within the herd

False

Clinical signs of enzootic bovine leukosis can be seen in 6-8 months old calves

False

Selection (test and slaughter) method cannot be used to eradicate enzootic bovine leukosis virus

False

Genetic predisposition is present in the case of enzootic bovine leukosis

True

Antibodies in the milk against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected with ELISA

True

There is no horizontal spread in the case of bovine enzootic leucosis

False

Enzootic bovine leukosis the pre-tumor phase usually in 6-10 months old animals

False

Generation shift method cannot be used to eradicate enzootic bovine leukosis virus

False

Enzootic bovine leukosis occurs only in Holstein-Frisian cattle, other cattle races are resistant

False

Enzootic bovine leucosis virus causes disease in suckling calves

False

There is genetic predisposition in the case of bovine enzootic leukosis

True

Iatrogenic infection can be important in the transmission of enzootic bovine leukosis virus

True

The tumors in the case of bovine enzootic leucosis can be seen from the age of 6 months

False

Europe is free from ovine pulmonary adenomatosis

False

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus spreads with nasal discharge

True

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis has no antibody production

True

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus is found in 2-4 months old lambs

False

Jaagsiekte is only present in Africa

False

Jaagsiekte affects lambs of 3-6 months

False

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus is replicating in the epithelium of the airways

True

Metastasis are rare in the case of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis

True

Lung adenomatosis causes usually dry cough

False

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus causes interstitial pneumonia

False

Tumors can frequently be seen in the liver and the spleen in the case of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis

False

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis is prevented with inactivated vaccines

False

Jaagsiekte virus can transform human cells.

False

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis can be complicated by Pasteurella and Mannheimia strains

True

The primary replication site of OPA is in the mucosal cells of the intestines

False

Feces of infected animals contain large amount of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus

False

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis occurs only in South-Africa

False

No antibodies to ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus can be detected in infected animals

True

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus results malignant transformation of macrophages

False

Metastases are frequently seen in parenchymal organs in the case of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis

False

Jaagsiekte causes metastatic abscess formation all over the body

False

Ovine pulmonary andenomatosis can be diagnosed by detecting antibodies with ELISA

False

Tumor transformation of the epithelial cells happens in the case of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis

True

In the case of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis lesions are common in the liver

False

Metastasis are frequently seen in parenchymal in the case of OPA

False

FeLV spreads horizontally and vertically

True

Feline leucosis spreads by direct contact

True

Feline leukosis virus is frequently spread with saliva

True

Feline leukosis is a very rare disease

False

Feline leukosis can infect cats and dogs

False

In Feline leukosis, anemia is an important sign

True

Feline leukosis virus is immunosuppressive

True

Persistently infected cats can shed the feline leukosis virus in high titers

True

Feline leukosis virus can cause protective immunity

True

There is no vaccine against Feline leukosis virus

False

Infection with feline leukosis virus always appears in clinical signs

False

Feline sarcomatosis is a defect virus

True

Feline leukosis virus is spreading by discharge of the infected animal

True

Feline leukosis can cross the placenta

True

In the saliva of cats is a high-titer of FeLV

True

Asymptomatic infection cannot happen in the case of Feline leukosis

False

Persistent infected cats maintain the infection

True

Feline leukosis virus can infect dogs, cats and wild living carnivorous animals

False

Cat leukosis virus can be diagnosed with PCR

True

Feline immunodeficiency virus is widespread

True

Feline immunodeficiency virus in cat could be asymptomatic

True

Feline immunodeficiency virus is spread by excretes

True

Feline immunodeficiency virus is a persistent infection

True

Feline immunodeficiency virus develops in 3 phases

False

Infection of poultry herds with avian leukosis virus is widespread

True

Avian leucosis can be caused by different retroviruses

True

Avian Leukosis virus is uniform

False

Avian leukosis virus cannot infect by germinative way

False

Avian leucosis and sarcoma infections are very common

True

Every avian leukosis viruses is oncogenic

True

There are several subgroups of avian leucosis virus

True

Avian leukosis viruses cannot cause germinative infection

False

Avian leukosis virus infects B lymphocytes

True

Avian leukosis viruses are shed in the faces

True

Clinical signs of avian leukosis generally appear in day old chicken

False

Avian leukosis is seen during the first week of life in chicken

False

There are resistant lines to avian leukosis

True

Osteopetrosis can be a clinical form of avian leukosis

True

T-lymphocytes are the target cell of the avian leukosis virus

False

Congenital transmission of avian leucosis results in immune tolerance

True

All avian leukosis viruses cause malignant transformation of the host cells

True

There is no germinative infection in the case of avian leukosis viruses

False

Lymphoid leukosis is the most frequent form of avian leukosis

True

Inactivated vaccines are widely used in order to prevent avian leukosis

False

Tumors can be seen in different parenchymal organs in the case of avian leukosis

True

Proportion of the animals with tumors is low, 1-4% in the case of avian leukosis

True

Germinative infection is an important way of transmission of avian leukosis

True

The main way of prevention of avian leukosis is vaccination using attenuated strains

False

Avian leukosis viruses can cause malignant transformation in different tissues

True

The target cells of the avian leukosis viruses are the B lymphocytes

True

Germinative infection can happen in the case of Reticuloendotheliosis

True

Pneumonia is a typical lesion of reticuloendotheliosis

False

Retardation is a clinical sign of Reticuloendotheliosis

True

Immunosuppression is common in the case of Reticuloendotheliosis

True

In the case of reticuloendotheliosis tumors can be found in the parenchymal organs

True

In the case of reticuloendotheliosis immunotolerant chicken can be hatched

True

Avian reticuloendotheliosis may be similar in appearance to Marek ́s disease

True

Wide vaccination is used to prevent Reticuloendotheliosis

False

Maedi appears in Hungary

True

Maedi and visna diseases are caused by the same virus

True

Maedi/visna spreads slowly in the flock

True

Maedi/visna virus is shed only in the tracheal discharge

False

Clinical sign of maedi/visna appear from the age of 6-8 months

False

Maedi/visna virus is shed in the milk

True

Maedi is seen in 3-4 years old sheep

True

Meadi/visna most important clinical sign is profuse diarrhea

False

Interstitial pneumonia is a typical lesion of maedi

True

Maedi/visna virus is shed in nasal discharge, respiratory secretions and milk

True

Maedi spreads fast

False

Maedi/visna spreads from sheep to other animals

False

Clinical signs of the central nervous system can be seen in the case of visna

True

In order to eradicate maedi/visna infected ewes have to be culled with their lambs

True

Wet cough and intensive nasal discharge are typical signs of maedi

False

Maedi/visna virus causes viraemia

True

Maedi/visna virus causes interstitial pneumonia in sheep

True

Clinical signs of maedi are generally seen above 3-4 years of age

True

Maedi/visna is spreading fast in the flock

False

Large amount of mucoid nasal discharge is typical in the case of maedi

False

Clinical sign of maedi/visna appear from the age of 6 months

False

In the case of maedi/visna interstitial pneumonia can be seen

True

De-myelinization is the reason for the clinical signs of visna

True

Attenuated vaccines are widely used to prevent maedi/visna

False

Clinical signs of maedi are mainly seen in lambs below half a year of age

False

In the case of maedi/visna interstitial pneumonia can be seen

True

Equine anemia is a notifiable disease

True

Equine anemia is a zoonotic disease

False

Equine infectious anemia is caused by a lentivirus

True

Equine infectious anemia is a vector borne disease

True

Febrile waves can be seen in equine infectious anemia

True

Tick are vectors of equine infectious anemia virus

False

Horseflies are mechanical vectors equine anemia virus

True

Equine infectious anemia virus is mainly transmitted with tracheal discharge

False

Blood sucking arthropods are mechanical vectors of equine infectious anaemia virus

True

Horses and cattle are susceptible to equine infectious anemia virus

False

Only Equidae are susceptible to equine infectious anemia virus

True

Equine infectious anemia has a weak resistance

False

In the case of equine infectious anemia, hemorrhages cannot be seen

True

There is no immune reaction in the case of equine infectious anemia

False

Equine infectious anemia can damage the medulla of the bone

True

Equine infectious anemia can be asymptomatic

True

You cannot diagnose Equine infectious anemia with serology

False

Attenuated vaccines are used for the prevention of equine infectious anemia

False

Equine infectious anemia may cause recurrent fever in horses

True

Animals infected with equine infectious anemia virus are lifelong carriers

True

Equine infectious anemia virus is resistant, it can survive several months in the environment

True

Equine infectious anemia virus causes persistent infection

True

Agar gel precipitation test can be used to the detection of antibodies against equine infectious anemia virus

True

In the case of equine infectious anemia hemorrhages cannot be seen

False

Equine infectious anemia virus damages the bone marrow

True

The resistance of equine infectious anemia is very low

False

Transmissible encephalopathies are caused by prions

True

Prions contain protein and DNA

False

Chronic prion has no nucleic acid inside

True

Protease breaks down prions

False

Infective prions are taken per os

True

Transmissible encephalopathies are acute or per-acute diseases

False

Prions always cause viraemia in the infected hosts

False

Transmissible encephalopathies are slow diseases

True

Prions are spreading in the host along the nerves

True

PCR is used to the detection of prions

False

Antibodies to prions cannot be detected in the case of transmissible encephalopathies

True

In the case of transmissible encephalopathies encephalitis can be seen in the gray material of the brain

False

Chronic prion is inactivated by boiling

False

Mutations can result infective prions

False

Infective prions are resistant to proteases

True

Chronic prion form has other form than normal prions

True

Allergy tests are widely used to diagnose transmissible encephalopathies

False

Infection with infective prions generally happens per os

True

Changed behavior is a typical sign of transmissible mink encephalopathy

True

Transmissible Mink encephalopathy can be transmitted by eating infected meat

True

Transmissible Mink encephalopathy symptoms: being anxious

True

Minks shed the transmissible mink encephalopathy prion in the feces

False

Movement disorders are typical signs of transmissible mink encephalopathy

True

Minks are infected with transmissible mink encephalopathy prion per os

True

Scrapie is seen in sheep and goats

True

Scrapie occurs only in Britain and Ireland

False

Scrapie spreads via per os infection

True

Itching is a clinical sign of scrapie

True

Scrapie sensitivity depends on genotype of sheep

True

Scrapie can be transmitted between sheep in a flock

True

Atypical scrapie strains can cause the same clinical signs as typical scrapie

False

Itching is always a clinical sign of scrapie

False

Scrapie prion is shed by the infected animals in different discharges

True

Scrapie can be prevented with inactivated vaccine

False

Scrapie can be prevented with live vaccines

False

Scrapie in goat, sheep and cattle could be infected

False

Scrapie can be prevented by using attenuated vaccines

False

Goat are resistant to scrapie

False

Itching can be seen in the case of typical scrapie

True

Genetic predisposition is needed for scrapie to develop

True

Scrapie prion can infect susceptible animals per os

True

Scrapie prion is shed by the infected animals

True

Itching is a frequent clinical sign of scrapie

True

Spongiform encephalopathies are caused by prions

True

The incubation time of BSE is 3-5 years

True

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy is widespread in Europe; it is common in most European countries

False

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy cannot infect humans

False

Cattle with bovine spongiform encephalopathy become aggressive

True

You can diagnose bovine spongiform encephalopathy with ELISA

True

BSE can be seen in calves from the age of 6 months

False

The agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy is not shed by the infected animals

True

In case of spongiform encephalopathies micro abscesses are in the brain stem

False

In the case of spongiform encephalopathies there is encephalitis

False

Antibodies to BSE can be detected with ELISA in infected animals

False

The agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy is shed in large number in the milk

False

The agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy is spreading along the nerves in the infected animals

True

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy symptoms are in 1-1.5 years old cows

False

Spongiform encephalopathies are mainly acute diseases

False

2-6 months old calves having BSE are frequently aggressive

False

In the case of spongiform encephalopathies the behavior of the animal is generally changed

True

The agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy infects animals per os

True

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy is seen only in beef cows

False

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy is a contact infection

False

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy spread fast in the herd

False

Hypersensitivity is a clinical sign of BSE

True

Cattle with bovine spongiform encephalopathy have movement difficulties

True

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy causes an immune response

False

BSE prions are shed in the feces and it is transmitted to other cattle in the herd

False

In the case of spongiform encephalopathies encephalitis is the main post mortem lesion

False

Focal necrosis in the liver is a typical post mortem lesion of BSE

False

In the case of spongiform encephalopathies high levels of antibodies is produced

False

Only a few animals show clinical signs of BSE in an infected herd

True

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy symptoms: e.g. ataxia

True

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy causes aggression

True

Clinical signs of BSE can be seen mainly in 1-1.5 years old cattle

False

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy is spreading fast in the infected herd

False

Antibodies against bovine spongiform encephalopathy are detected with ELISA

False

Changed behavior is a typical sign of bovine spongiform encephalopathy

True

Spongiform encephalopathies can be diagnosed by detecting circulating antibodies

False

Midterm 3 (1) Flashcards

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