Midterm 2 (2017-2018) Flashcards by Henriette Wisnes

In Europe, only low virulence strains of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBVD) can be found

False

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Infectious Bursal Disease is a very infectious disease

True

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Pigeons are the most susceptible to IBDV

False

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Early IBDV infection damages the humoral immunity

True

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Wild birds are involved in the transmission cycle of Eastern Equine encephalomyelitis (EEE)

True

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Ticks are involved in the transmission cycle of EEE

False

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Viral Equine encephalomyelitis is usually diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs

False

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In endemic countries vaccines are available against Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis

True

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Flaviviruses form distinct serotypes, without serological cross-reactions

False

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Tick-borne encephalitis virus can be transmitted with raw goat milk

True

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Tick-borne encephalitis is mainly seen in humans

True

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The principle vector of the Louping ill virus is Rhipicephalus appendiculatus

False

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West Nile virus (WNV) is only present in Africa

False

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Horses are the reservoir host of West Nile virus

False

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The weather influences the emergence of West Nile virus outbreaks, through its effect on mosquito propagation dynamics

True

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Laboratory diagnosis should confirm the aetiology of West Nile encephalitis

True

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Swine is not susceptible to the Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) virus

False

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The BVD virus genotype 2 is less virulent than genotype 1

False

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The BVD virus cannot be transmitted via artificial insemination

False

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Intrauterine BVD virus infection always causes abortion

False

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Fomites do not play a role in the transmission of the Classical Swine fever virus

False

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Transplacental infection with CSFV may cause immunotolerance in new-born piglets

True

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Swine shed CSFV only in the terminal phase of the disease

False

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Europe is free from CSFV

False

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Classical Swine Fever is always an acute disease with high mortality in wild boars

False

The large intestine are the earliest lesions in Classical Swine Fever

False

The diagnoses of Classical Swine Fever is based on paired serum investigations

False

Porcine circovirus 2 may cause lesions similar to Classical swine fever

True

Rodents are the reservoir hosts of Schmallenberg virus

True

In cattle, Schmallenberg virus causes transient febrile disease with decreased milk production

True

Rift Valley Fever virus is a zoonotic agent

True

The most frequent sign of the Nairobi sheep disease is encephalitis

False

African Swine fever does not occur in Europe

False

African Swine Fever is a resistant virus

True

Immunocomplexes are formed in the case of African Swine Fever

True

Only activated vaccines are used for the prevention of African Swine Fever

False

Teschen disease occurs all over the world

False

Only pigs are susceptible to teschovirus encephalomyelitis

True

Teschovirus encephalomyelitis virus is transmitted by arthropods

False

There is widespread vaccination using inactivated vaccines to prevent teschovirus encephalomyelitis

False

Encephalomyelitis virus can infect only pigs

False

Encephalomyelitis virus remains infective in the environment

True

Encephalomyelitis virus can cause per os infection

True

Encephalomyelitis virus can infect humans

True

FMD is sporadic is Europe

True

Resistance of FMD virus is high, in the environment it remains infectious for weeks

True

FMD virus frequently causes carditis in young animals

True

Water buffaloes are not susceptible for FMD

False

The main signs of FMD are: fever, salivation, formation of vesicles, and lameness

True

Serological examinations are important in diagnosis in FMD

False

In Europe, vaccines must not be used for prevention of FMD

True

In sheep, clinical signs of FMD are very mild, it is not easy to recognise

True

The Vesicular Exanthema of swine virus infects only pigs

False

Cats shed the Feline calcivirus for several weeks

True

Lameness and fever are possible clinical signs of Feline calcivirus infection

True

Rabbits over 1 month of age become susceptible to the Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease virus

True

Genetic re-assortments may cause significant antigenic changes in reovirus strains

True

Bluetongue outbreaks mainly occur in summer and autumn

True

Goats are more resistant to the Bluetongue than sheep

True

In Europe, vaccination of small ruminants against Bluetongue is mandatory

False

The African Horse Sickness is endemic in Europe and in the USA

False

Oedemas and haemorrhages are the most frequent lesions in African Horse Sickness

True

The signs of chronic African Horse Sickness and and Equine Infectious Anaemia may be similar

True

The Equine encephalitis virus may cause abortion

True

Rotaviruses infect only mammals

False

Rotaviruses are typically transmitted via the faecal-oral route

True

Trypsin resistant strains of Avian orthoreoviruses frequently cause diarrhoea

True

Trypsin resistant strains of Avian orthoreoviruses frequently cause tenosynovitis

True

The Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) is very resistant in the environment

True

Infection of day-old chicken with IBDV may cause permanent immunosuppression

True

Pathology lesions of the Infectious Bursal Disease Virus can be similar to the Avian Influenza

True

Young chicken can be immunised only with inactivated IBDV vaccines

False

The Eastern Equine Encephalitis is present in Japan and Korea

False

Mosquitoes are the principal vectors of the Western Equine Encephalitis

True

No characteristic gross pathology lesions are seen in Equine encephalitis caused by Togaviruses

True

Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan Equine encephalitis viruses are zoonotic agents

True

Serological cross reactions frequently occur between related Flaviviruses

True

The Tick-borne encephalitis virus can be transmitted via the consumption of raw milk

True

The Louping ill is seen in rabbits in Australia

False

The West Nile virus may cause encephalitis in humans and in horses

True

Non-cytopathic strains of the Bovine Viral Diarrhoea virus (BVDV) can cause immunosuppression

True

In utero infection with non-cytopathic BVDV can cause immunotolerance

True

Mucosal Disease can develop in cattle persistently infected with BVDV

True

The Border Disease is present only in the United Kingdom

False

The Classical Swine Fever virus is a zoonotic agent

False

Low virulence strains of CSFV may cause reproductive problems

True

CSFV may damage the lymphatic tissues and blood vessel endothelial cells

True

Swine can shed CSFV in the incubation period

True

Skin suffusions and haemorrhages are signs of Classical Swine Fever

True

The clinical signs of African Swine Fever and Classical Swine Fever are very different

False

Contaminated pork meat can play a role in the transmission of CSFV

True

Attenuated vaccines are developed for immunisation for swine against CSFV

True

The Schmallenberg virus is a zoonotic agent

False

The Rift Valley Fever virus can cause reproductive disorders in cattle and sheep

True

Necrotic hepatitis is a lesion of Rift Valley Fever

True

Haemorrhagic gastroenteritis is a lesion of Nairobi sheep disease

True

Ticks can transmit African Swine Fever virus

True

Swine and wild boars are susceptible to African swine fever

True

Warthogs can maintain African Swine Fever in endemic areas

True

Attenuated vaccines are used for the prevention of African Swine Fever

False

Swine Vesicular Disease virus can infect swine and ruminants

False

Swine Vesicular Disease virus can cause infection per os

True

Swine Vesicular Disease virus does not cause viraemia, only local lesions can be seen

False

Swine Vesicular Disease virus can infect humans

False

Duck hepatitis A virus is shed in the faeces

True

Duck hepatitis A virus can cause germinative infection

False

Clinical signs of Duck hepatitis A can be seen mainly in laying ducks

False

Duck hepatitis A virus can be detected via PCR

True

For Europe, Middle-East, Africa, and Asia, are the main dangers for introduction of FMD

True

In young animals, FMD virus frequently causes myocarditis

True

FMD virus is highly contagious, spreads rapidly

True

In endemically infected countries, vaccines are also used in prevention of FMD

True

O and A serotypes of FMD are mostly widespread in the world

True

In sheep, clinical signs of FMD are very mild

True

The resistance of FMD virus is rather low, in the environment it is inactivated within days

False

About half of the countries in the world are presently infected with FMD

True

Clinical signs of the Vesicular Exanthema of swine can be similar to the Foot and Mouth disease

True

Oral erosions are signs of Feline calcivirus infection

True

Virulent strains of the Feline calcivirus can cause systemic disease with mortality

True

The Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease is present only in Australia

False

Reoviruses are sensitive to lipid solvents and detergents

False

The Bluetongue virus is vectored by midges / gnats

True

Lameness and abortions are signs of Bluetongue

True

The Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease is present in the USA in deer

True

The natural reservoirs of the African Horse Sickness virus are mainly zebras

True

Encephalitis is the most frequent sign of the African Horse Sickness

False

Rotaviruses are shed in the faeces in high titres

True

Rotaviruses usually cause enteritis in young (1-2 week old) animals

True

Orthoreoviruses can cause pneumoenteritis in calves

True

Horses usually develop lethal haemorrhagic enteritis in Orthoreovirus infection

False

Infection of adult birds with Orthoreoviruses usually remains subclinical

True

Avian orthoreoviruses can cause necrotic and inflammatory foci in visceral organs

True

Very resistant strains of the Infection Bursal Disease virus (IBDV) may cause disease in chicken with maternally derived antibodies too

True

IBDV does not cause disease in adult chicken (over 2 months of age)

True

Fever, diarrhoea, and anaemia are signs of the Infectious Bursal Disease

True

Vaccines provide high level of protection against IBDV strains

False

African Swine Fever virus has a low resistance

False

African Swine Fever virus can infect pigs and wild boars

True

The clinical signs of African Swine Fever are more severe in wild boars than in farmed pigs

False

There is a widespread vaccination in endemic areas to prevent African Swine Fever

False

Talfan disease occurs in Europe, America, and Australia

True

Pigs and ruminants are susceptible to the agent of Talfan disease

False

The agent of Talfan disease replicates in the gut

True

The agent of Talfan disease is shed lifelong after the infection

False

Germinative infection is the primary way of infection with Duck hepatitis A virus

False

Clinical signs of Duck hepatitis are seen in 1-4 week old ducklings

Ture

Spasmodical paddling is a typical sign of Duck hepatitis

True

There are no vaccines for the prevention of Duck hepatitis

False

Resistance of FMD virus is low, in the environment, they are inactivated within days

False

FMD virus can get into Europe most easily from Turkey, Middle-East, and North-Africa

True

FMD virus can cause severe myocarditis in young calves and piglets

True

Clinical signs of FMD are very mild in sheep

True

Pigs shed large amounts of FMD virus with their saliva during the acute phase of the disease

True

O and A type of FMD viruses are most widely distributed

True

The main clinical signs of FMD are: Fever, salivation, vesicles, and lameness

True

In infected countries, inactivated vaccines are also used for prevention of FMD

True

Cat queens frequently abort in the acute phase of Feline calcivirus infection

False

Some variants of Feline calicivirus may escape vaccine induced protection

True

Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease virus usually causes death in 1-3 weeks old rabbits

False

There are no vaccines available against Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease

False

Bluetongue is present only in tropical areas

False

Bluetongue virus is typically vectored by ticks

False

Endothelial damages are the most important causes of the clinical signs of Bluetongue

True

Sheep are less sensitive to Bluetongue than swine

False

Epizootic hemorrhagic disease was described only in Australia so far

False

Occasionally carnivores may get infected with African Horse Sickness virus

True

Zebras are more resistant to African Horse Sickness than horses

True

Immunized horses may develop a chronic, febrile form of the African Horse Sickness

True

Rotaviruses infect only mammalian hosts

False

Avian orthoreoviruses usually cause disease in adult birds

False

Tenosynovitis is one of the most typical manifestations of Avian orthoreovirus infections

True

Avian orthoreoviruses may cause necrotic foci in the visceral organs of birds

True

The Infectious Bursal Disease virus (IBDV) is very sensitive to detergents

False

IBDV serotype 2 is used for immunisation of chicken against Infectious Bursal Disease

False

Clinical manifestations of Infectious Bursal Disease are seen mainly in chicken between the age of 3 - 6 weeks.

True

Moderately attenuated (“hot”) IBDV vaccines are used for the immunisation of young chicken without yolk immunity

False

All known strains of the Classical Swine Fever virus are of high virulence

False

CSFV may cause reproductive disorders

True

Haemorrhages are the most typical lesions of acute Classical Swine Fever

True

The Classical Swine Fever may appear in a milder form in wild boar than in domestic swine

True

CSFV may survive in frozen meat for months

True

Shedding of CSFV begins 1 to 2 days after the appearance of clinical signs

False

CSFV can cause central nervous signs only in suckling piglets

False

Erysipelas and Porcine circovirus 2 infections may cause clinical signs and pathology lesions similar to Classical Swine Fever

True

Abortions and fetal malformations are the most typical signs of Akabane disease

True

The acute signs of Schmallenberg virus infection in cattle are fever and reduced milk production

True

Certain European mosquito species are competent vectors of Rift Valley Fever virus

True

Rift Valley Fever may cause high lethality in young ruminants

True

In Europe, the ticks are the most important means in the transmission of the ASF virus

False

In case of ASF infection, viraemia can last for months

True

Infection by moderately virulent ASF results in high mortality of sows

True

In acute ASF the leading pathological lesion is haemorrhage

True

FMD virus can be transferred by frozen meat

True

FMD virus cannot be isolated in cell culture

False

FMD virus is genetically and serologically uniform

False

The main reservoirs of FMD virus are cattle and buffalo

True

FMD virus is carried in the tonsils, lymphatic tissues and hoof of the infected animal

True

FMD erosions are characteristic with tattered edge and red base

True

FMD infection in young animals leads to myocarditis

True

Vaccination against FMD can prevent the infection

False

VES is more contagious than FMD

False

VES can be easily differentiated from FMD by the character of the vesicles

False

Virulent systemic Feline calicivirus causes more severe symptom in kittens

False

FCV infection results in a two-phase fever

True

The hemorrhage in RHD is the result of virus multiplication in the liver

True

In RHD pathology we can see hemorrhages and infarcts in the kidney

True

Noroviruses may be zoonotic

True

The Avian hepatitis E is zoonotic

False

The Infectious Bursitis virus has more than one virulence variants

True

The Infectious Bursitis virus causes anaemia

True

The Infectious Bursitis virus can be isolated on CAM

True

There is no vaccine available against Infectious Bursitis virus

False

Teschen and Talfan disease are caused by different virulence variants of the same virus

True

Porcine Teschovirus encephalomyelitis virus is shed in the faeces

True

Asymptomatic pigs can shed the Porcine Teschovirus encephalomyelitis virus

True

Porcine Teschovirus encephalomyelitis virus replicates in the gut

True

Swine Vesicular Disease virus cannot survive in the environment

False

Swine Vesicular Disease virus causes viraemia

True

Swine Vesicular Disease virus can cause vesicles on the snout

True

The mortality of Swine Vesicular Disease is generally above 50%

False

Encephalomyocarditis virus has a narrow host range

False

Rodents can maintain Encephalomyocarditis virus infection

True

Encephalomyocarditis virus can cause necrosis of the heart muscle

True

Encephalomyocarditis virus is a zoonosis

True

Trypsin-sensitive avian Orthoreoviruses can cause respiratory disease

True

Swine Rotavirus infection is frequently followed by E. coli secondary infection in piglets

True

Avian Rotaviruses can cause tenosynovitis

False

Avian Orthoreoviruses can cause germinative (ovogen) infection

True

Rotaviral enteritis of calves can be prevented by immunization of pregnant cows

True

Rotaviruses can cause chronic enteritis and persistent infection

False

Bluetongue causes transient infection in cattle

False

Bluetongue vaccines induce serotype-specific immunity

True

African Horse Sickness was transported to Europe by migratory birds

False

African Horse Sickness can cause encephalitis

False

African Horse Sickness is a notifiable (communicable) disease in Europe

True

African Horse Sickness can cause lung oedema

True

Orthoreoviruses can cause encephalitis in cattle

False

Avian Orthoreoviruses can cause inapparent infections in poultry

True

Avian Orthoreoviruses can cause Poult enteritis-mortality syndrome (PEMS)

True

Infectious tenosynovitis can be prevented by vaccination

True

Togavirus-caused Encephalomyelitis of horses occurs frequently worldwide

False

The host range of Horse Encephalomyelitis Togaviruses is wide

True

American Horse Encephalomyelitis most frequently cause clinical signs is birds, horses, and humans

True

Humans are not susceptible to Horse Encephalomyelitis Togaviruses

False

Tick-borne encephalomyelitis mainly occurs clinically in humans

True

Tick-borne encephalomyelitis occurs throughout Europe and Asia

True

Tick-borne encephalomyelitis exists as natural foci infections

True

Ruminants are long term carries of tick-borne encephalomyelitis virus

False

West Nile Fever practically is restricted to Africa

False

The most important maintaining hosts of West Nile Fever virus are water birds

True

Clinical signs of West Nile Fever are most frequently seen in birds, horses and humans

True

In West Nile fever virus, neurological signs develop only in a small percentage of the diseased animals

True

BVD clinically is mostly seen in cattle from 6 to 24 months of age

True

BVD virus can cause severe damage to foetuses in pregnant cows

True

Only cattle is susceptible to BVD virus

False

Border Disease appears as foetal damage in pregnant ewes

True

Classical Swine Fever virus is shed with faces when boutons appear in the intestines

False

Classical Swine Fever virus can cause nervous symptoms only in suckling piglets

False

Classical Swine Fever virus can cause immunosuppression in pigs

True

Classical Swine Fever can be eradicated from wild boar populations by oral vaccination

False

Classical Swine Fever virus is rarely complicated by secondary infections

False

Classical Swine Fever can be diagnosed easily by the characteristic symptoms and lesions

False

Domestic swine stocks are free of Classical Swine Fever in most of the European countries

True

Classical Swine Fever usually appears in a milder form in wild boar than in domestic pigs

True

Akabane disease is zoonotic

False

Schmallenberg disease is zoonotic

False

Rift Valley Fever is zoonotic

True

Nairobi sheep disease is zoonotic

True

Despite being enveloped, the resistance of ASF virus in the environment is high

True

The moderately virulent ASF virus does not cause fever

False

In case of infection by highly virulent ASF virus, we can see skin necrosis as a clinical sign

False

In chronic cases of ASF, spleen hyperplasia is a leading pathological lesion

True

FMD virus retains its infectivity for more than a month in manure

True

Genotype C of the FMD virus is the most frequently detected worldwide

False

Swine shed about 1000-3000% higher FMD virus concentration comparing to ruminants

True

Hedgehogs are susceptible to FMD

True

Shedding of FMD virus starts 3 days after the infection

False

FMD virus is shed by semen too

True

Vaccinated animals can carry FMD virus

True

Comparing to cattle, swine show milder vesicular symptoms in FMD

True

Vesicular exanthema of swine is of sea-mammal origin

True

We can differentiate VES from FMD by the lack of lameness

False

Infected cats carry Feline calicivirus at least for a month

True

Feline calicivirus may be shed by urine and feces

True

Vaccine against RHD is produced in rabbits

True

RHD causes airborne infection

True

Sapoviruses cause gastrointestinal infections in human

True

Hepatitis E Virus causes characteristic clinical symptoms in swine

False

The resistance of infectious bursitis virus is very high

True

The Infectious Bursitis virus spreads by mosquitoes

False

IBDV causes immunosuppression in chicken between 2-8 weeks of age

True

By disinfection of the eggshell we can prevent IBDV infection

True

Porcine Teschovirus Encephalomyelitis is mainly caused by serotype 1 strains

True

Porcine Teschovirus Encephalomyelitis virus is maintained by rodents

False

Porcine Teschovirus Encephalomyelitis virus can infect pigs and cattle

False

Porcine Teschovirus Encephalomyelitis virus cannot survive in the environment

False

Avian Encephalomyelitis is caused by a double stranded DNA virus

False

Chickens are susceptible to Avian Encephalomyelitis virus

True

Germinative infection is a way of spreading of Avian Encephalomyelitis virus

True

Tremor is a common clinical sign of Avian Encephalomyelitis

True

Per os infection is a common way of infection with Duck Hepatitis A virus

True

Germinative infection is a common way of infection with Duck Hepatitis A virus

False

Clinical signs of Duck Hepatitis can be seen in all age groups

False

Spasmodical paddling is a frequent clinical sign of Duck Hepatitis

True

Orbiviruses spread by droplet (aerogen) infection

False

Bluetongue disease occurs only in Africa

False

Bluetongue is named after the cyanosis of the tongue

True

Bluetongue is named after the pseudo-melanosis of the tongue

False

Bluetongue infects also horses and dogs

False

Bluetongue is also foetopathic

True

Ibaraki disease virus immunises against Bluetongue

False

Horse Encephalosis appeared several times in Europe between 2006 and 2009

False

African Horse Sickness is spread by ticks

False

African Horse Sickness is zoonotic

False

African Horse Sickness is prevented in Africa by combined vaccines

True

Horse Encephalosis is endemic in Africa

True

The subacute form of African Horse Sickness is causing oedema formation and heart failure

True

Rotaviruses cause mainly respiratory signs in cattle

False

Orthoreoviruses can cause pneumoenteritis in cattle

True

Avian orthoreo- and rotaviruses can cause runting-stunting syndrome in chickens

True

American Horse Encephalomyelitis viruses represent several types and subtypes

True

Vectors of American Horse Encephalomyelitis Togaviruses are mosquitoes

True

Main means of control of American Horse Encephalomyelitis are mosquito control and vaccines

True

Vaccines cannot be used to prevent Togavirus-caused encephalomyelitis of horse

False

Tick-borne encephalomyelitis most frequently is seen clinically in ruminants

False

Occasionally Tick-borne encephalomyelitis virus can be transmitted to humans via consuming raw milk

True

Tick-borne encephalomyelitis occurs seasonally

True

For humans inactivated Tick-borne encephalomyelitis virus vaccines are also available

True

West Nile Fever occurs worldwide

True

Vectors of West Nile Fever virus are different mosquito species

True

The host range of West Nile virus is very wide

True

Humans are not susceptible to West Nile Disease virus

False

BVD virus exists in several serotypes

False

BVD infection of pregnant cows can result in delivery of immunotolerant persistently infected calves

True

Bulls can shed BVD virus for long time in semen, without showing any clinical signs

True

Both attenuated live and inactivated vaccines are used in eradication of BVD

True

Acute Classical Swine Fever can cause hemorrhagic pneumonia

True

Classical Swine Fever virus doesn't induce neutralising antibody production

False

Classical Swine Fever virus is inactivated in chilled meat at -20°C

False

Classical Swine Fever virus can cause immunotolerance in swine

True

Classical Swine Fever virus is immunosuppressive

True

Only DIVA vaccines should be used to prevent Classical Swine Fever in swine stocks

False

Classical Swine Fever virus causes lympho-histiocytic encephalitis in pigs

True

Classical Swine Fever virus causes lympho-histiocytic encephalitis in carnivores

False

Rift-Valley Fever caused human epidemics in Africa

True

Ticks are reservoirs and vectors of the Schmallenberg virus

False

Schmallenberg virus was transported to Europe from South-America

False

Nairobi sheep disease can cause hemorrhagic enteritis among sheep

True

Midterm 2 (2017-2018) Flashcards

(348 cards)