Abdomen IV

Question 1

What plexus meets inside the psoas major?

Answer 1

The lumbar plexus

Question 2

Origin of the Psoas Major?

Answer 2

Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae, bodies of vertebra and IVDs

Question 3

Insertion of the Psoas Major?

Answer 3

Lesser trochanter of femur together with the iliacus tendon

Question 4

Innervation of the Psoas Major?

Answer 4

Ventral rami of first 4 lumbar nerves

Question 5

Action of the Psoas Major?

Answer 5

Acting superiorly with the iliacus, flexes hip.

Acting inferiorly, flexes vertebral column and trunk laterally.

Balances trunk in sitting position.

Question 6

Origin of the Psoas Minor?

Answer 6

Vertebral margins of T12 - L1 and IVDs

Question 7

Insertion of the Psoas Minor?

Answer 7

iliopectineal eminence

Question 8

Action of the Psoas Minor?

Answer 8

Flexes pelvis on vertebral column

Question 9

Innervation of the Psoas Minor?

Answer 9

Ventral rami of 1st lumbar nerve

Question 10

Origin of Quadratus Lumborum?

Answer 10

12th rib and tips of lumbar transverse processes

Question 11

Insertion of Quadratus Lumborum?

Answer 11

Iliolumbar ligament and iliac crest

Question 12

Innervation of Quadratus Lumborum?

Answer 12

Ventral rami of T12 and first 4 lumbar nerves

Question 13

Action of Quadratus Lumborum?

Answer 13

Extends and laterally flexes vertebral column

Fixes 12th rib during inspiration

Question 14

Origin of Iliacus?

Answer 14

Iliac fossa, sacrum, anterior sacro-iliac ligaments

Question 15

Insertion of Iliacus?

Answer 15

Lesser trochanter of femur and psoas major tendon

Question 16

Innervation of Iliacus?

Answer 16

Femoral Nerve

Question 17

Action of Iliacus?

Answer 17

Flexes hip and stabilizes hip joint

Acts with the psoas major

Question 18

What are the openings of the diaphragm?

Answer 18

(I 8 (ate) 10 Eggs At 12 (noon)

Caval hiatus - T8 - transmits the IVC and occasionally the right phrenic nerve

Esophageal hiatus - T10 - transmits the esophagus and anterior and posterior trunks of Vagus

Aortic hiatus - T12 - transmits the Aorta, Thoracic duct, Azygos vein, and occasionally greater splanchnic nerve

Question 19

What are the ligaments of the diaphragm and their functions?

Answer 19

Median arcuate ligament: unites crura a forms aortic hiatus.

Medial arcuate ligament: tendinous arch across the upper part of psoas major.

Lateral arcuate ligament: tendinous arch across the quadratus lumborum

Question 20

What are the crura of the diaphragm?

Answer 20

Right crus: supports esophageal hiatus; L1-L3

Left crus: L1 - L2

Question 21

What are the roots of the lumbar plexus?

Answer 21

L1, L2, L3, L4

Question 22

What are the lumbar plexus roots of the Iliohypogastric nerve ?

Answer 22

L1

Question 23

What are the lumbar plexus roots of the Ilioinguinal nerve?

Answer 23

L1

Question 24

What are the lumbar plexus roots of the Genitofemoral nerve?

Answer 24

L1-L2

Question 25

What are the lumbar plexus roots of the Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve?

Answer 25

L2-L3

Question 26

What are the lumbar plexus roots of the Femoral nerve ?

Answer 26

L2, L3, L4

Question 27

What are the lumbar plexus roots of the Obturator nerve?

Answer 27

L2, L3, L4

Question 28

What are the roots of the subcostal nerves?

Answer 28

T12

Question 29

What nerve pierces the psoas major?

Answer 29

Genitofemoral nerve

Question 30

What nerve is in the groove between the psoas major and iliacus, but lateral to the psoas?

Answer 30

Femoral Nerve (fatty, fanny)

Question 31

What nerve is medial to the psoas?

Answer 31

Obturator nerve (round, white, glistening)

Question 32

Which nerve runs in front of the liacus?

Answer 32

Lateral femoral cutaneous

Question 33

Which nerves are on top of the quadratus lumborum?

Answer 33

``` Subcostal nerve (T12) Iliohypogastric nerve (L1) Ilioinguinal nerve (L1) ```

Question 34

Which kidney sits higher up and what is it's relationship tot he ribs?

Answer 34

The left kidney (rib 11-12) is higher than the right (rib 12) due to the position of the liver.

Question 35

What are the parts of the kidney?

Answer 35

Cortex - forms the outer part of the kidney Medulla - 8 to 12 renal pyramids - base is renal papilla Minor Calyces - form Major Calyces, which empty into the renal pelvis of the ureter.

Question 36

What is the blood supply of the suprarenal glands?

Answer 36

Superior suprarenal artery from the inferior phrenic artery Middle suprarenal artery from the abdominal aorta Inferior suprarenal artery from the renal artery.

Question 37

What are the 3 sites of constriction in the ureter?

Answer 37

1. Uretero-pelvic junction - where the ureter joins the renal pelvis. 2. Pelvic inlet - where the ureter crosses the common iliac artery 3. Ureterovesicular junction - where the ureter enters the wall of the urinary bladder (This is the narrowest point of the whole ureter)

Question 38

How do you differentiate the ureter from the gonadal arteries?

Answer 38

Ureters - run medially from the renal pelvis Gonadal arteries - run laterally from the abdominal aorta

Question 39

What are the levels of the important branches of the abdominal aorta?

Answer 39

T12 - Celiac trunk and inferior phrenic L1 - SMA, suprarenal arteries, renal arteries L2 - Gonadal arteries L3 - IMA L4 - Right and left common iliacs

Question 40

The right gonadal vein ends as a tributary in the _______.

Answer 40

IVC

Question 41

The left renal vein receives which 2 tributaries?

Answer 41

left gonadal vein and left suprarenal vein

Question 42

What are the tributaries of the IVC?

Answer 42

Union of two common iliac veins ( from external & internal iliac veins) form the IVC right gonadal & right suprarenal veins. right and left renal veins lumbar veins inferior phrenic veins. hepatic veins Azygos vein

Question 43

Where does the cisterna chyli, which gives the thoracic duct, drain?

Answer 43

It drains at the junction between the left subclavian vein and the internal jugular vein ( jugular subclavian junction )

Question 44

What is the route of the left renal vein?

Answer 44

The left renal vein runs anterior to the abdominal aorta and left renal artery.

Question 45

What 3 structures are located at the hilum of the kidney (anterior to posterior)?

Answer 45

VAP renal vein renal artery renal pelvis