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SHB Exam 3 > Anterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 6 layers of the anterior abdominal wall?

A
  1. Skin
  2. Superficial Fascia (No deep fascia in the abdomen to allow for distention during pregnancy in women and stretching during eating)
  3. Anterior abdominal wall muscles
  4. Transversalis Fascia (Very fine fascia)
  5. Extraperitoneal Fascia
  6. Peritoneum
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2
Q

Name the superficial fascial layers below the navel.

A
  1. Fascia of Camper’s (superficial fatty)

2. Fascia of Scarpa’s (deep membranous)

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3
Q

Describe Fascia of Camper’s.

A

Fascia of Camper’s (superficial fatty): continues into the pelvis to form a very thin dartos fascia

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4
Q

Describe Fascia of Scarpa’s.

A

Fascia of Scarpa’s (deep membranous): continues into the scrotum to form the tunica dartos and Colles’ Fascia (fascia of the perineum)

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5
Q

What is the tunica dartos?

A

Dartos (tunica dartos) is a thin layer of muscle fibers around the scrotum formed from the Fascia of Scarpa’s.

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6
Q

Where does the inguinal ligament form?

A

The gap between the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and the pubic tubercle will be filled by the inguinal ligament.

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7
Q

Which muscle contributes to the inguinal ligament?

A

The inguinal ligament is formed from the aponeurotic fibers of the external oblique muscle

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8
Q

What forms the floor of the inguinal canal?

A

The inguinal ligament folds under to form the floor of the inguinal canal

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9
Q

Origin of the External Oblique?

A

External surface of ribs

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10
Q

Insertion of the External Oblique?

A

Linea alba, iliac crest, pubic tubercle

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11
Q

Innervation of the External Oblique?

A

Ventral rami of 6 inferior thoracic nerves

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12
Q

Action of the external and internal Obliques?

A

Compresses and supports abdominal viscera

Flexes and rotate trunk

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13
Q

Origin of the internal Oblique?

A

Inguinal ligament, iliac crest, and lumbar fascia

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14
Q

Insertion of the internal Oblique?

A

Ribs, linea alba, pubis

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15
Q

Innervation of the internal Oblique?

A

Ventral rami of 6 inferior thoracic and 1st lumbar nerves

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16
Q

Origin of the Transverse Abdominis?

A

Internal surface of ribs, lumbar fascia, inguinal ligament, iliac crest

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17
Q

Insertion of the Transverse Abdominis?

A

Linea alba, pubic crest, pubis

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18
Q

Innervation of the Transverse Abdominis?

A

Ventral rami of 6 inferior thoracic and 1st lumbar nerves

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19
Q

Action of the Transverse Abdominis?

A

Compresses and supports abdominal viscera

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20
Q

What is the direction of the muscle fibers of the external oblique?

A

External oblique

Direction: “Hands in your pockets”; downward, forward, and medially

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21
Q

What is the direction of the muscle fibers of the internal oblique?

A

Internal oblique

Direction: “Raise your hands to the sky”; upward, forward, medially

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22
Q

What is the direction of the muscle fibers of the Transverus oblique?

A

Transversus Abdominis

Direction: runs transverse (horizontal)

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23
Q

What muscle forms the cremaster muscle?

A

Muscle fibers and fascia for the cremaster muscle are derived from the internal oblique

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24
Q

Where is the cremaster muscle?

A

The cremaster is formed next to the scrotum

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25
What is the linea alba?
The aponeuroses of the abdominal muscles meet in the midline at the linea alba
26
If making an incision for surgery, where should you cut?
Cut at the region of the linea alba because it is the least vascular plane
27
The rectus abdominis is transected by fine lines called _________.
tendinious intersections
28
Origin of the Rectus Abdominis?
Pubic symphis, pubic crest
29
Insertion of the Rectus Abdominis?
Xiphoid process, costal cartilages
30
Innervation of the Rectus Abdominis?
Ventral rami of 6 inferior thoracic nerves
31
Action of the Rectus Abdominis?
Compresses and supports abdominal viscera | Flexes trunk
32
What forms the rectus sheath?
The aponeuroses of the external oblique, internal oblique , and transverse muscles of the abdomen
33
What are the contents of the rectus sheath?
Rectus abdominis and Pyramidalis (2 muscles) Superior and inferior epigastric vessels (2 vessels) Lower 6 intercostal nerves
34
What are the posterior and anterior walls of the rectus sheath above the arcuate line?
Anteriorly: Aponeuroses of the external and internal oblique (anterior layer) muscles Posteriorly: Aponeuroses of the internal oblique (posterior layer) and transverse abdominis muscles
35
What are the posterior and anterior walls of the rectus sheath below the arcuate line (lower Zone)?
Anterior: Aponeuroses of the external, internal, and transversus muscles provide extra support for the rectus abdominis anteriorly Posterior; Rectus abdominis is in contact with the transversalis fascia
36
The rectus abdomonis is related to what 3 lines?
Linea alba - midline Linea semilunaris - lateral border of rectus abdominis Arcuate line - three aponeurosis in front of the rectus
37
Name the blood supply of the anterior abdominal wall/muscles.
Superiorepigastric artery (From internal thoracic/mammary artery) Inferior epigastric artery (From external iliac artery)
38
Name the general innervation of the anterior abdominal wall/muscles.
Lower 6 intercostal nerves
39
What does the T10 dermatome refer to?
The umbilicus (navel)
40
Where does the inguinal canal form?
The canal forms an oblique passage just above the center of the inguinal ligament.
41
Direction of the inguinal canal?
It is directed downward and medially.
42
The inguinal canal is ________ in males than in females.
Larger
43
What is the gubernaculum?
Gubernaculum: fibrous band that extends from the caudal part of the testes forming a path as it descends into the pelvis.
44
Which muscle does not participate in the descent of the testes?
The transversus abdominis
45
Describe the sheath and derivatives (external to internal) formed around the testes at it descends. (Hint: 7 layers)
1. Skin 2. Scarpa's - dartos muscle 3. External oblique - external spermatic fascia 4. Internal oblique - cremaster muscle 5. Transversus abdominis - NO CONTRIBUTION 6. Transversalis fascia - internal spermatic fascia 7. Peritoneum - tunica vaginalis (parietal/visceral layers)
46
The continuation of the ___________ is the _____________.
The continuation of the epididymis is the vas deferens (or ductus deferens).
47
What is the difference between the tunica vaginalis and tunica albuginea?
Tunica vaginalis - derived from the peritoneum and forms a visceral and parietal layer around the testis Tunica albuginea - forms a tight cover around the testes
48
What is the relationship of the transversalis fascia to the inguinal canal? (2 things)
The transversalis fascia: Contains the deep inguinal ring Forms the posterior wall of the inguinal canal
49
The Deep Inguinal Ring | is lateral to the _________________.
inferior epigastric vessels
50
The spermatic cord is called the _______________ in females.
Round ligament
51
Function of the spermatic cord?
The spermatic cord descends the testes
52
Location of the round ligament?
The round ligament runs from the uterus down to the labia majora
53
What are the boundaries of the inguinal triangle?
Medial border: linea semilunaris Lateral border: lateral umbilical fold (inferior epigastric vessels) Inferior border: inguinal ligament
54
What is the relationship of the transversus abdominis to the inguinal canal? (2 things)
Forms the roof of the canal The high arching fibers from the inguinal ligament join together with the internal oblique to form the conjoint tendon
55
What is the relationship of the internal oblique to the inguinal canal? (2 things)
Forms roof of the canal with the transversus abdominis The low arching fibers from the inguinal ligament join with the transversus abdominis to form the conjoint tendon
56
The _____________ supports the superior inguinal ring.
The conjoint tendon
57
What passes through the superficial ring?
The spermatic cord in males/round ligament in females and the ilioinguinal nerve pass through the superficial ring
58
What is the route of the ilioinguinal nerve?
The ilioinguinal nerve pierces the transversus abdominis, runs between the TA and the internal oblique, and pierces the lower part of the internal oblique to enter the canal and exit through the superficial inguinal ring
59
What is the relationship of the external oblique to the inguinal canal? (2 things)
Forms the anterior wall of the inguinal canal Contains the superficial inguinal ring
60
What are the boundaries of the inguinal canal?
Anterior Wall External oblique aponeurosis Posterior Wall Transversalis fascia and Conjoint tendon Roof Arched fibers of internal oblique (low arched) and transversus abdominis (high arched) Floor Inguinal Ligament
61
Name the 3 coverings of the spermatic cord.
External spermatic fascia(from external oblique muscle) Cremaster muscle and fascia (from the internal oblique) Internal spermatic fascia (from transversalis fascia)
62
Name the 3 arteries of the spermatic cord.
Testicular Artery Cremastric Artery Artery of Vas
63
Name the 3 veins of the spermatic cord.
Vas deferens. Venous plexus. Vestige of Processus Vaginalis.
64
Name the 3 nerves of the spermatic cord.
Genital branch of genitofemoral Sympathetic plexus around testicular Artery Sympathetic plexus around artery of Vas Deferens
65
Inguinal hernias are 20X more common in _______.
Males - due to their larger canal
66
Indirect hernias lie ________ to the inferior epigastric artery.
LATERAL
67
Direct hernias lie ________ to the inferior epigastric artery.
MEDIAL
68
Which type of hernia is more common?
Indirect hernias
69
Which hernia is congenital? Why?
Indirect hernias are congenital and associated with the persistence of the processus vaginalis
70
Location of an indirect hernia?
Indirect hernias will traverses the inguinal canal by passing through the deep ring, inguinal canal and superficial ring. The hernial sac is within the spermatic cord so it passes into the scrotum.
71
Which hernia is acquired? Why?
Direct hernias because they push through a weakened area of the abdominal wall muscles and through the posterior wall of the inguinal canal (i.e. through the inguinal triangle)
72
Location of a direct hernia?
The direct hernial sac passes through the superficial inguinal ring and is external and parallel to the spermatic cord.
73
What is formed from the Urachus in the embryological peritoneum?
Median umbilical ligament forms the obliterated Urachus that connects bladder to navel
74
What is formed from the umbilical artery in the peritoneum?
Medial umbilical ligament forms from the obliterated umbilical artery.
75
What is formed from the inferior epigastric arteries in the peritoneum?
Lateral umbilical ligaments are formed by the inferior epigastric arteries on their way to rectus sheath.

SHB Exam 3 (14 decks)

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