Abdominal Cavity

Question 1

What is the peritoneum?

Answer 1

continuous, glistening, transparent serous membrane

Question 2

What is the parietal peritoneum?

Answer 2

internal lining of abdominopelvic cavity

Question 3

What are the 2 types of parietal peritoneum?

Answer 3

• anterolateral: mesothelium, fat, connective tissue
• posterior abdominal wall: mesothelium, connective tissue, muscles

Question 4

What is the visceral peritoneum?

Answer 4

• invests organs
• forms mesenteries, omenta & ligaments

Question 5

What is the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 5

space b/w visceral and parietal peritoneum containing serous fluid

Question 6

The parietal & visceral peritoneums have the same blood supply & innervation as what?

Answer 6

• peritoneum -> the body wall
• visceral -> organs it invests

Question 7

What do both the parietal & visceral peritoneum consist of?

Answer 7

• mesothelium, simple squamous epithelium
• small amount of underlying connective tissue

Question 8

What are the contents of the abdominal cavity?

Answer 8

• peritoneum-> parietal & visceral
• abdominal viscera -> digestive organs, spleen, kidneys, adrenal glands

Question 9

What are the 2 spaces/sacs of the peritoneum?

Answer 9

• greater: main & larger part of peritoneal cavity (stomach to transverse colon)
• lesser (omental bursa): smaller part of peritoneal cavity; allows free movement of stomach

Question 10

How does the lesser sac (omental bursa) communicate with the greater sac?

Answer 10

via omental foramen (aka epiploic formamen & foramen of winslow)

Question 11

What does the lesser sac connect?

Answer 11

stomach + duodenum -> liver

Question 12

What is the epiploic (omental) foramen?

Answer 12

• opening b/w 2 sacs
• post. to lesser omentum

Question 13

What are the 2 ligaments in the lesser sac/omentum?

Answer 13

hepatogastric (stomach to liver) & hepatoduodenal (duodenum to liver)

Question 14

What are the examples of the intraperitoneal organs?

Answer 14

• spleen
• liver
• stomach
• small intestine except for duodenum

Question 15

What is the example of an retroperitoneal organ?

Answer 15

kidney

Question 16

What are the examples of the secondarily retroperitoneal organs?

Answer 16

• ascending & descending colon
• pancreas
• duodenum

Question 17

What is the arterial supply of the abdominal cavity?

Answer 17

abdominal aorta -> celiac trunk -> left gastric art., splenic art., common hepatic art. -> right gastric

Question 18

What is the innervation of the abdominal cavity?

Answer 18

• foregut + midgut = sympathetic frrom thoracic splanchnicks
• foregut + midgut = parasympathetic from vagus nerve

Question 19

What is known as the immune organ?

Answer 19

spleen

Question 20

Where is the spleen located?

Answer 20

on left side with greater sac (LUQ)

Question 21

What is the immune function of the spleen?

Answer 21

• filters blood
• open circulation -> blood leaves capillaries; blood cells travel across open space
• blood cells enter spleen -> closed circulation

Question 22

What are both an endocrine and exocrine organ?

Answer 22

pancreas & liver

Question 23

What is the exocrine function of the pancreas?

Answer 23

secretes enzymes into descending duodenum

Question 24

What is the endocrine function of the pancreas?

Answer 24

secretes hormones into blood

Question 25

What are the 4 segments of the pancreas?

Answer 25

head, neck, body, tail

Question 26

What is the main pancreatic duct?

Answer 26

* connects with common bile duct * forms hepatopancreatic ampulla * drains bile + pancreatic fluids -> major papilla

Question 27

What is the ampulla of vater?

Answer 27

* surrounded by sphincter of Oddi * located in descending duodenum ## Footnote high yield

Question 28

What is the accessory of pancreatic duct?

Answer 28

* sup. to main duct * drains pancreatic fluids -> minor papilla

Question 29

What is the blood flow of the liver?

Answer 29

* portal vein = 75% (deoxy blood from intestines, spleens, pancreas) * hepatic art. = 25% (oxy blood to the liver)

Question 30

What is the exocrine function of the liver?

Answer 30

produces + stores bile in galbladder

Question 31

What is the endocrine function of the liver?

Answer 31

produces plasma proteins to relase into blood

Question 32

What is the portal triad of the liver?

Answer 32

* hepatic art. * portal vein * bile duct

Question 33

What suspends the liver from the diaphragm?

Answer 33

coronary ligament ## Footnote high yield

Question 34

What is the porta hepatis of the liver?

Answer 34

contains all the vessels going in & out of liver

Question 35

What is the bay area of the liver?

Answer 35

* site where there is NO peritoneum * lies directly against diaphragm

Question 36

What is the triangular ligament of the liver?

Answer 36

continuation of coronary ligament

Question 37

What divides the liver into left & right lobes?

Answer 37

falciform ligament

Question 38

What is the ligamentum teres in the liver?

Answer 38

continuation of falciform ligament

Question 39

What is the function of the galbladder?

Answer 39

concentrates & stores bile

Question 40

Where does the galbladder secrete bile into?

Answer 40

major papilla

Question 41

What is the cystic duct in the galbladder?

Answer 41

* contributes to common bile duct * merges with hepatic duct

Question 42

What is obstructive jaundice?

Answer 42

* caused by obstruction of common bile duct * due to gallstones or pancreatic cancer * result: retention of bile -> pigment stains sclera yellow (eyes)

Question 43

What is Cirrhosis?

Answer 43

* caused by alcohol toxicity, viral infection, autoimmune disease * increased production of fibrocollagenous tissue leads to irregular scarring

Question 44

What are gallstones?

Answer 44

* form in galbladder or biliary tree * bile duct -> obstructive jaundice * cystic duct -> cholecystitis

Question 45

What are the parts of the stomach?

Answer 45

* cardia = connects stomach to esophagus * fundus= 1st sgement * body= 2nd segment * pylorus= 3rd segment * pyloric sphincter= connects to duodenum * gastric rugae= int. folding of stomach