Gluteal Region Posterior Thigh

Question 1

What is the bony support of the thigh?

Answer 1

pelvic girdle= os coxae + sacrum

Question 2

What are the 3 bones of the os coxae?

Answer 2

• ilium
• ischium
• pubis

Question 3

What passes through the greater sciatic foramen?

Answer 3

• piriformis muscle
• sciatic nerve
• all nerves and arteries that originate within the pelvis and go tot gluteal region

Question 4

What passes through the lesser sciatic foramen?

Answer 4

• obturator internus muscle
• where pudendal nerve leaves pelvis and enters perineal

Question 5

What is the arterial supply of the gluteal region?

Answer 5

internal iliac art.

Question 6

What are the branches of the internal iliac artery?

Answer 6

sup. & inf. gluteal art.

Question 7

What are all somatic nerve plexuses formed by?

Answer 7

ventral primary rami

Question 8

In the lumbosacral plexus, what nerves are related to intra-pelvic structures?

Answer 8

pelvic splanchnics (S2,3,4) -> pre-ganglionic parasympa.

Question 9

In the lumbosacral plexus, what nerves are related to perineal structures?

Answer 9

• genitofemoral (L1,2)
• pudendal nerve (S2,3,4)

Question 10

In the lumbosacral plexus, what nerves are related to gluteal region?

Answer 10

• nerve to obturator internus
• nerve to piriformis
• sup. gluteal
• inf. gluteal
• nerve to quadratus femoris

Question 11

In the lumbosacral plexus, what nerves are related to lower extremity?

Answer 11

• lat. femoral cutaneous
• femoral
• obturator
• sciatic
• post. femoral cutaneous

Question 12

What posterior thigh muscles attach to the ischial tuberosity?

Answer 12

1. inf. gemellus
2. quadratus femoris
3. semi-tendinosus
4. semi-membranosus
5. biceps femoris

Question 13

What is the lagest/heaviest bone that is difficult to fracture?

Answer 13

femur

Question 13

What attaches to the ishcial spine?

Answer 13

sup. gemellus

Question 14

What is the proximal & distal attachment of the tensor fascia lata?

Answer 14

• prox: ASIS
• distal: iliotibial band

Question 15

What is the innervation of the tensor fascia lata?

Answer 15

sup. gluteal n.

Question 16

What does the sacrospinous ligament attach to?

Answer 16

sacrum -> ischial spine

Question 17

What does the femur articulate with?

Answer 17

acetabulum (hip joint)

Question 18

What does the sacrotuberous ligament attach to?

Answer 18

sacrum -> ischial tuberosity

Question 19

What muscles does the superior gluteal artery supply?

Answer 19

• gluteus maximus
• gluteus medius
• gluteus minimus

Question 20

What muscles does the inferior gluteal artery supply?

Answer 20

• gluteus maximus
• piriformis
• obturator internus
• quadratus femoris

Question 21

What are the dorsal primary rami branches of the sensory innervation of the gluteal region?

Answer 21

• sup. cluneal nerve
• middle cluneal nerve
• inf. cluneal nerve

Question 22

What are the proximal attachments of the gluteus maximus?

Answer 22

• iliac crest
• post. gluteal line
• sacrum
• coccyx
• sacrotuberous ligament

Question 23

What are the distal atatchemnts of the gluteus maximus?

Answer 23

• iliotibial band
• gluteal tuberosity

Question 24

What are the proximal and distal attachments of gluteus medius?

Answer 24

* prox: ant. sup. gluteal line * distal: greater trochanter

Question 25

What are the proximal and distal attachments of gluteus minimus?

Answer 25

* prox: ant. inf. gluteal line * distal: greater trochanter

Question 26

What is the trendelenburg gait?

Answer 26

* damage to sup. gluteal nerve * causes hip drop on the contralateral side

Question 27

What is inferior gluteal nerve palsy?

Answer 27

* damage to inf. gluteal nerve * gluteus maximus is affected

Question 28

What are the proximal and distal attachments of the piriformis?

Answer 28

* prox: ant. sacrum * distal: great trochanter

Question 29

What are the proximal and distal attachments of the obturator internus?

Answer 29

* prox: lat. hip bone, obturator membrane * distal: greater trochanter

Question 30

What are the proximal and distal attachments of the quadratus femoris?

Answer 30

* prox: ischial tuberosity * distal: intertrochanteric femoris

Question 31

What are the proximal and distal attachments of the superior gemellus?

Answer 31

* prox: ischial spine * distal: greater trochanter

Question 32

What are the proximal and distal attachments of the inferior gemullus?

Answer 32

* prox: ischial tuberosity * distal: greater trochanter

Question 33

What does the nerve to obturator internus innervate?

Answer 33

* obturator internus * sup. gemellus

Question 34

What does the nerve to quadratus femoris innervate?

Answer 34

* quadratus femoris * inf. gemellus

Question 35

What are the muscles of the posterior thigh?

Answer 35

* semitendinosus * semimembranosus * biceps femoris

Question 36

What is the arterial supply of the posterior thigh ?

Answer 36

external iliac art. -> deep femoral art.

Question 37

What is the innervation of the posterior thigh?

Answer 37

lumbosacral plexus -> sciatic n.

Question 38

What is the proximal and distal attachments of the semimembranosus?

Answer 38

* prox: ischial tuberosity * distal: medial condyle

Question 39

What is the proximal and distal attachments of the semitendinosus?

Answer 39

* prox: ischial tuberosity * distal: proximal tibia shaft

Question 40

What is the proximal and distal attachments of the biceps femoris?

Answer 40

* prox: long head -> ischial tuberosity; short head -> linea aspera * distal: prox. fibula

Question 41

What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 41

* sup.: medial = semimembranosus + semitendinosus; lateral= biceps femoris * inf: gastrocnemius

Question 42

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 42

* superficial: sciatic n -> tibial + fibular * intermediate: popliteal vein * deep: popliteal art. * saphenous v. * geniculate art. * sural n.