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1
Q

What is the function of the vertebral column?

A
  1. supports the trunk, head, and limbs
  2. protects the spinal cord
  3. provides sites of attachment for muscles
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2
Q

What is the structure of the vertebral column?

A
  1. bones = vertebra (33)
  2. connective tissues = IVD and ligaments
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3
Q

What does the vertebral foramen contain?

A
  • spinal cord
  • spinal nerve cords
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4
Q

The vertebral column is a apart of what skeleton?

A

axial

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5
Q

What are the branches of the spinal nerve? Where are they located?

A

ventral and dorsal; located in intervertebral foramen

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6
Q

What is the purpose of the ventral primary and dorsal primary ramus?

A
  • ventral: innervates superficial (extrinsic) back muscles
  • dorsal: innervates deep (intrinsic) back muscles
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7
Q

Which branch of the spinal nerve run anteriorly? Which runs posteriorly?

A
  • ant: ventral
  • post: dorsal
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8
Q

What 2 parts join together at vert. 7 and rib 7?

A

sup. coastal facet and inf. articular surface of head of rib

connects vertebrae to rib

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9
Q

What 2 parts join together at vert. 6 and rib 7?

A

inf. coastal facet and sup. articular surface of rib below

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10
Q

What 2 parts join together at the same rib (7)?

A

articular surface of transverse and tubercle of the same rib

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11
Q

What are muscles enveloped by?

A

connective tissue

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12
Q

What attaches muscles to bones?

A

tendons or aponeurosis (broad, flat tendon)

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13
Q

What is isometric movement?

A

muscle does NOT shorten; no movement occurs

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14
Q

What is isotonic movement?

A

muscle shortens and movement occurs

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15
Q

Can muscles pull or push?

A

only pull as they contract

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16
Q

What is the function of the spinous process?

A

site of attachment for muscles/ligaments

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17
Q

What is the function of the transverse process?

A
  • site of attachment for muscles/ligaments
  • articulates with ribs (thoracic vertebrae only)
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18
Q

What vertebrae bone structure connects the transverse and spinous processes?

A

lamina

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19
Q

What vertebrae bone structure connects the vertebral body to the transverse process?

A

pedicles

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20
Q

What contains the spinal cord and spinal nerve roots?

A

vertebral foramen

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21
Q

What are the anterior and posterior portions of the vertebrae bone structure?

A
  • posterior: neural arch
  • anterior: vertebral body
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22
Q

What is the anulus fibrosis?

A

outer cartilaginous part

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23
Q

What 2 parts make up the IVD?

A

anulus fibrosis and nucleus pulposus

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24
Q

What is the nucleus pulposus?

A

inner gel-like part

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25
Where is the IVD located?
in between each vertebrae
26
What 2 parts of the cervical vertebrae DO NOT have an IVD?
C1 and C2
27
What is the function of the synovial joint?
* connects sup. articular facet with inf. articular facet * minimal movement
28
Which primary ramus forms the nerve plexus?
ventral
29
What muscles make up the nerve plexus?
* cervical plexus * brachial plexus * lumbar plexus * sacral plexus
30
What ligament runs inside of the vertebral foramen and originates from C1 & C2?
post. longitudinal ligament
31
What is the supraspinous ligament?
* covers post. protion of spinous processes * originates from nuchal ligament
32
What portion does the intrapsinous ligament cover?
ant. portion of spinous processes
33
What is the function of the ligamentum flavum?
connects lamina of adjacent vertebrae
34
In the cervical vertebrae structure, where does the nuchal ligament attach?
to bifib spinous process
35
When does the nuchal ligament turn into the supraspinous ligament?
once it reaches the thoracic vertebrae
36
What contains the vertebral artery?
transverse foramen
37
What are the characterstics of the C1 vertebrae?
* aka "atlas" * AO (atlanto-occiptal) joint directly attaches to skull * no vetebral body * allows you to say yes
38
What are the characterstics of the C2 vertebrae?
* aka "axis" * AA (atlanto-axial) and dens serve as axis for C1 * allows you to say no
39
What turns into the post. longitudinal ligament at the thoracic vertebrae?
tectorial membrane
40
Where is the tectorial membrane located?
post. to alar and cruciate ligament
41
What is the cruciate ligament?
* covers post. surface of dens * located post. to alar ligament
42
What is the function of the alar ligament?
covers post. surface of dens
43
What are the prime movers of musculature?
flexors and extensors
44
What are antagonists is muscle movement?
oppose movement
45
What muscles are superficial (extrinsic)?
* trapezius * latis. dorsi * rhomboid minor & major * levatro scapulae * serratus post. superior & inferior
46
What muscles are deep (intrinsic)?
* splenius capitis * splenius cervicis * erector spinae * transversospinalis
47
What are the proximal attachments of the trapezius?
* occipital bone * nuchal ligament * supraspinous ligament * spinous processes
48
What are the distal attachments of the trapezius?
* spine of scapula * acromion process * lateral clavicle
49
What is the arterial supply of the trapezius?
* dorsal scapular art. -> branches off subclavian art. * transverse cervical art. -> branches off subclavian art.
50
What is the innervation of the trapezius?
accessory nerve -> branches off cervical plexus
51
What are the movements of the trapezius?
* elevate * adduct * depress * rotate scapula upward
52
What are the proximal attachments of the latissimus dorsi?
* spinous processes (thoracic-lumbar) * sacrum * crest of ilium
53
What is the distal attachment of the latissimus dorsi?
medial hip of bicipital groove (humerus)
54
What is the arterial supply of the latissimus dorsi?
thoracodorsal art. -> branches off axillary art.
55
What is the innervation of the latissimus dorsi?
thoracodorsal art. -> branches off brachial plexus
56
What are the movements of the latissimus dorsi?
* extension * adduction * medial rotation = "waiter's tip"
57
What is the proximal attachment of the rhomboids minor & major?
spinous processes
58
What is the distal attachment of the rhomboids minor & major?
vertebral border of scapula
59
What is the arterial supply of the rhomboids minor & major?
dorsal scapular art. -> branches off subclavian art.
60
What is the innervation of the rhomboids minor & major?
dorsal scapular nerve -> branches off brachial plexus
61
What is the proximal attachment of the levator scapulae?
transverse processes
62
What is the distal attachment of the levator scapulae?
vertebral border of scapula
63
What is the arterial supply of the levator scapulae?
dorsal scapular art. -> branches off subclavian art.
64
What is the innervation of the levator scapulae?
dorsal scapular nerve -> branches off brachial plexus
65
What is the arterial supply of the serratus posterior superior & inferior?
intercostal art. (branches off from ribs)
66
What is the innervation of the serratus posterior superior & inferior?
intercostal nerve branches (b/w ribs)
67
What are the movements of the serratus posterior superior & inferior?
* post. superior: elevate the ribs * post. inferior: depress the ribs
68
What are the proximal attachments of the serratus posterior superior & inferior?
post. superior -> spinous processes
68
What are the distal attachments of the serratus posterior superior & inferior?
post. inferior -> lateral ribs
69
What is the erector spinae composed of?
* iliocostalis * longissimus * spinalis
70
What is the transversospinalis composed of?
* multifidi * rotatores
71
What is the arterial supply of the deep (intrinsic) muscles?
intercostal art. (branches off from ribs)
72
What are the movements of the deep (intrinsic) muscles?
* extension/flexion * lateral bending * rotation of head and neck
73
What artery passes through the suboccipital triangle?
vertebral

Anatomy (23 decks)

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