Leg, Ankle, and Foot

Question 1

What is the bony support of the leg?

Answer 1

tibia (medial) & fibula (lateral)

Question 2

What connects the tibia and fibula?

Answer 2

interosseous membrane

Question 3

What muscles attach to the tibia?

Answer 3

• tibialis ant. & post.
• extensor digi longus
• flexor digi longus
• soleus
• popliteus

Question 4

What muscles attach to the fibula?

Answer 4

• tibialis post.
• fibularis tertisu, longus, brevis
• extensor hallucis longus
• soleus
• flexor hallucis longus

Question 5

What is the innervation and arterial supply of the anterior leg (extensors)?

Answer 5

• ant. tibial art.
• deep fibular n.

Question 6

What is the innervation and arterial supply of the posterior leg (felxors)?

Answer 6

• superficial: fibular art & tibial n.
• deep: post. tibial art. & tibial n.

Question 7

What is the innervation and arterial supply of the lateral leg (eversion)?

Answer 7

• branches of fibular art.
• superficial fibular n.

Question 8

What muscles are in the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 8

• tibialis ant.
• extensor digitorum longus
• extensor hallucis longus
• fibularis tertitus

Question 9

What is the action of the muscles in the anterior compartment?

Answer 9

extensors -> dorsi flexion

Question 10

What muscles are in the posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 10

• superficial: gastrocnemius, plantaris, soleus
• deep: popliteus, tibialis post., flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus

Question 11

What is the action of the muscles in the posterior compartment?

Answer 11

flexors -> plantar flexion

Question 12

What muscles are in the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 12

• fibularis longus
• fibularis brevis

Question 13

What is the action of the muscles in the lateral compartment?

Answer 13

eversion

Question 14

What is anterior leg compartment syndrome?

Answer 14

• unable to dorsi-flex which results in “foot drop”
• common fibular n. affected

Question 15

What is the medial tendinous support of the knee? (S.S.G.)

Answer 15

• ant: sartorius
• med: gracilis
• post: semitendinosus

Question 16

What is the lateral tendinous support of the knee?

Answer 16

• ioliotibial band
• biceps femoris

Question 17

What is the anterior tendinous support of the knee?

Answer 17

• quadriceps femoris
• patellar ligament

Question 18

What are the collateral ligaments of the knee?

Answer 18

• medial collateral -> attaches directly to joint capsule
• lateral collateral -> has gap b/w joint capsule

Question 19

What is known as the terrible triad?

Answer 19

tear ACL + medial meniscus + medial collateral ligament

Question 20

What is the arterial supply and innervation of the knee?

Answer 20

• popliteal art. -> geniculate art.
• tibial n.

Question 21

What forms the heel in the foot?

Answer 21

calcaneus

Question 22

What are the tarsal bones in the foot?

Answer 22

• navicular
• cuneiform (med., inter., lat.)
• cuboid

Question 23

What is the arterial supply of the foot?

Answer 23

• ant. tibial art. -> dorsalis pedis art.
• post. tibial art. -> plantar art.

Question 24

What is the innervation of the foot?

Answer 24

• tibial n. -> plantar n.
• common fibular n. -> super. fibular n. & deep fibular n.

Question 25

What is the action of the flexors in the posterior leg?

Answer 25

plantar-flexion of the foot

Question 26

What is the order of things that pass the medial malleolus? (T.D.A.V.N.H.)

Answer 26

1. tibialis post. 2. flexor digitorum longus 3. tibial art. 4. tibial vein 5. tibial n. 6. flexor hallucis longus

Question 27

What extensor muscles pass under the retinaculum in the foot? (T.D.H.)

Answer 27

* tibialis ant. * extensor digitorum longus * extensor hallucis longus

Question 28

What is the action of the extensor muscles in the foot?

Answer 28

dorsi-flexion

Question 29

What are the evertor muscles that pass the lateral malleolus?

Answer 29

* fibularis longus * fibularis brevis

Question 30

What is the action of the evertor muscles in the foot?

Answer 30

eversion

Question 31

What is the most common injury in the ankle?

Answer 31

forced inversion

Question 32

What are the 2 joint muscles of the lower limb that aid in hip extension & knee flexion?

Answer 32

* semitendinosus * semimembrinosus * biceps

Question 33

What is the 2 joint muscle of the lower limb that aid in knee extension & hip flexion?

Answer 33

rectus femoris

Question 34

What is the 2 joint muscle of the lower limb that aid in hip adduction & knee flexion?

Answer 34

gracilis

Question 35

What is the 2 joint muscle of the lower limb that aid in ankle plantar flexion & knee flexion?

Answer 35

gastrocneumius

Question 36

What are the muscles that are extrinsic and go into the foot?

Answer 36

* tibialis ant. & post. * ext. holli. longus * inf. exten. retin. * flex. hallu. longus * post. tibial art. & n. * flex. digi. llongus