Abdominal Viscera 1

Question 1

How long is the oesophagus?

Answer 1

25cm long

Question 2

At what level does the oesophagus begin?

Answer 2

C6

Question 3

At what level does the oesophagus pass through the diaphragm?

Answer 3

T10

Question 4

What is the Z line?

Answer 4

The site where the inner mucosa changes from stratified squamous epithelium to stomach mucosa

Question 5

What are the 3 sites of narrowing in the oesophagus?

Answer 5

upper oesophageal sphincter, aortic arch and LMB, diaphragmatic orifice

Question 6

What are the 3 parts of the oesophagus?

Answer 6

Cervical, thoracic, abdominal

Question 7

What is the arterial supply for the cervical oesophagus?

Answer 7

inferior thyroid artery

Question 8

What is the venous drainage for the cervical oesophagus?

Answer 8

brachiocephalic system

Question 9

What is the lymphatic drainage for the cervical oesophagus?

Answer 9

deep cervical nodes

Question 10

What is the arterial supply for the thoracic oesophagus?

Answer 10

oesophageal branches from the aorta

Question 11

What is the venous drainage of the thoracic oesophagus?

Answer 11

azygous vein

Question 12

What is the lymphatic drainage for the thoracic oesophagus?

Answer 12

mediastinal nodes

Question 13

What is the arterial supply for the abdominal oesophagus?

Answer 13

left gastric artery

Question 14

What is the venous drainage of the abdominal oesophagus?

Answer 14

left gastric vein (portal)

Question 15

What is the lymphatic drainage of the abdominal oesophagus?

Answer 15

pre-aortic nodes

Question 16

What is a sliding hiatal hernia?

Answer 16

Where the stomach is pulled up through the diaphragmatic orifice

Question 17

What is a paraoesophageal hernia?

Answer 17

Where the top of the stomach goes through the diaphragmatic orifice next to the oesophagus

Question 18

Which type of hernia is more common?

Answer 18

sliding

Question 19

In which quadrant is the stomach?

Answer 19

The LUQ

Question 20

What is the cardiac orifice?

Answer 20

Where the oesophagus opens in to the stomach

Question 21

What is the fundus?

Answer 21

The dome shaped part of the stomach which projects above the cardiac orifice and sits under the left dome of the diaphragm

Question 22

What is the body of the stomach?

Answer 22

The stomach from the cardiac orifice to the angular notch

Question 23

What is the pyloric antrum?

Answer 23

The funnel end of the stomach which narrows down to the pyloric canal

Question 24

What is the pyloric canal?

Answer 24

The lumen which connects the stomach to the duodenum

Question 25

What is the pyloric sphincter?

Answer 25

The sphincter around the pyloric canal - controls the flow of gastric contents

Question 26

What are rugae?

Answer 26

Longitudinal mucosal folds that line the stomach

Question 27

How long is the duodenum?

Answer 27

10 inches

Question 28

How many parts is the duodenum divided into?

Answer 28

4

Question 29

How long are the parts of the duodenum?

Answer 29

2 inches, 3 inches, 4 inches, 1 inch

Question 30

What is the path of the 1st part of the duodenum?

Answer 30

Heads back towards the posterior abdominal wall to become retroperitoneal and lies on right psoas medial to the right kidney

Question 31

What is the path of the 2nd part of the duodenum?

Answer 31

Vertical descent next to the head of the pancreas and hilum of the right kidney on psoas major

Question 32

What is the path of the 3rd part of the duodenum?

Answer 32

Goes from right psoas to left psoas, crosses in front of the lumbar vertebral column, aorta and IVC

Question 33

What is the path of the 4th part of the duodenum?

Answer 33

Curves anteriorly on left psoas

Question 34

Where is the is the major duodenal papilla?

Answer 34

Halfway down the 2nd part of the duodenum

Question 35

Where is the minor duodenal papilla?

Answer 35

One inch above the major duodenal papilla

Question 36

How long is the jejunum and ileum?

Answer 36

4-6m

Question 37

What percentage is the jejunum?

Answer 37

40%

Question 38

What quadrant is the jejunum in?

Answer 38

The LUQ

Question 39

What quadrant is the ileum in?

Answer 39

RLQ

Question 40

How can you distinguish the jejunum and the ileum?

Answer 40

The jejunum has a thicker wall, less fat in the mesentery, longer vasa recta and fewer arterial arcades

Question 41

What muscle is around the jejunum and ileum?

Answer 41

An outer continuous longitudinal coat and circular smooth muscle on the inside

Question 42

How long are the large intestines?

Answer 42

1.5m

Question 43

What is tenia coli?

Answer 43

3 bands on longitudinal muscle on the outer coat of large intestines

Question 44

What are haustrations?

Answer 44

The gatherings of the mucosal tube because of the tenia coli

Question 45

What are epiploic appendices?

Answer 45

Fat tags that hang off the large intestine

Question 46

What is the caecum?

Answer 46

The pouch of the large intestine below the ileocaecal junction