Liver & Pancreatic Secretions in Digestion Flashcards Preview

Gastrointestinal > Liver & Pancreatic Secretions in Digestion > Flashcards

Flashcards in Liver & Pancreatic Secretions in Digestion Deck (25)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What hormone regulates gall bladder contraction?

A

CCK

2
Q

What is the result of absence of bile?

A

steathorrhea

3
Q

What are the components of bile?

A

water, bile pigments (bilirubin), bile salts, fatty acid, cholesterol, lecithin (emulsifier), inorganic salts

4
Q

What component of bile causes gall stones?

A

cholesterol

5
Q

What are bile salts derived from?

A

cholesterol

6
Q

What is the structure of bile salts?

A

steroid structures with a carboxylic acid group that is commonly an amide linked to glycine or taurine to increase solubility

7
Q

What is the function of bile acids?

A

they are detergents

8
Q

Why does fat digestion require emulsifying action?

A

so that the enzymes can gain access

9
Q

What enzymes are needed in fat digestion?

A

lipase and colipase

10
Q

What is the purpose of enterohepatic circulation?

A

To reabsorb bile salts in the ileum so they can be reused

11
Q

What makes up pancreatic secretions?

A

bicarbonate from duct cells and enzymes from acinar cells

12
Q

What stimulates release of contents from exocrine pancreatic cells?

A

acetylcholine, CCK or secretin

13
Q

Where is CCK produced?

A

in the duodenum

14
Q

What are the actions of CCK?

A

gall bladder contraction, digestive enzyme release from pancreas, release of insulin and contributes to the feeling of fullness

15
Q

What are zymogens?

A

Inactive enzymes

16
Q

What activates zymogens?

A

other enzymes

17
Q

What is the action of trypsin inhibitor?

A

Exists in the pancreas to inhibit any trypsin that is accidentally activated to prevent digestion of the pancreas

18
Q

What activates trypsin?

A

enteropeptidase from intestinal enterocytes

19
Q

What enzymes does trypsin activate?

A

chymotrypsin, elastase, carboxypeptidase, colipase

20
Q

What activates lipase?

A

colipase

21
Q

What gives the substrate specificity of serine proteases?

A

the properties of the S1 sub site adjacent to serine

22
Q

What are the two main causes of pancreatitis?

A

alcohol abuse and gall stones

23
Q

What is the most energy expensive nutrient?

A

protein - requires lots of transporters

24
Q

What is orlistat?

A

A lipase inhibitor

25
Q

How does margarine lower cholesterol reabsorption?

A

the phytosteroids block the receptors for reuptake of cholesterol in the terminal ileum