Nerves & Vessels of the Abdomen

Question 1

Where does the abdominal aorta begin?

Answer 1

T12

Question 2

Where does the abdominal aorta end?

Answer 2

L4

Question 3

What are the 3 groups of branches of the abdominal aorta?

Answer 3

anterior unpaired branches, lateral paired branches, paired posterior branches

Question 4

What do the anterior unpaired branches supply?

Answer 4

The gastrointestinal tract

Question 5

What do the lateral paired branches supply?

Answer 5

Paired viscera

Question 6

What do the paired posterior branches supply?

Answer 6

diaphragm and the posterior abdominal wall

Question 7

What are the 3 anterior unpaired branches?

Answer 7

Celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery

Question 8

What does the celiac trunk supply?

Answer 8

Derivatives of the foregut - abdominal oesophagus down to the major duodenal papilla in the duodenum, liver, gall bladder, pancreas and spleen

Question 9

What does the superior mesenteric artery supply?

Answer 9

Derivatives of the midgut - the major duodenal papilla in the duodenum down to just before the splenic flexure in the transverse colon

Question 10

What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?

Answer 10

Derivatives of the hindgut - from just short of the splenic flexure to the top of the anal canal

Question 11

Where does the celiac trunk branch off the abdominal aorta?

Answer 11

T12

Question 12

What are the three branches of the celiac trunk?

Answer 12

Splenic artery, left gastric artery and common hepatic artery

Question 13

What is the path of the splenic artery?

Answer 13

Torturous course across the top of the pancreas to the hilum of the spleen

Question 14

What are the branches of the splenic artery?

Answer 14

short gastric attires to the top of the greater curvature and the left gastroepiploic artery

Question 15

What is the path of the left gastric artery?

Answer 15

Goes up and to the left and then runs along the lesser curvature

Question 16

What are the branches of the left gastric artery?

Answer 16

oesophageal branches

Question 17

What is the path of the common hepatic artery?

Answer 17

Turns right and then immediately divides

Question 18

What are the branches of the common hepatic artery?

Answer 18

proper hepatic artery and the gastroduodenal artery

Question 19

What are the branches of the proper hepatic artery?

Answer 19

right gastric artery, right and left hepatic artery

Question 20

What is the branch of the right hepatic artery?

Answer 20

cystic artery

Question 21

What are the branches of the gastroduodenal artery?

Answer 21

The posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery, the right gastroepiploic artery, the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery and maybe the supraduodenal artery

Question 22

Where does the superior mesenteric artery branch off the aorta?

Answer 22

L1

Question 23

What is the path of the superior mesenteric artery?

Answer 23

along the root of the mesentery

Question 24

What are the branches of the superior mesenteric artery?

Answer 24

inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery, jejunal and ileal arteries, middle colic, right colic and ileocolic arteries

Question 25

Where does the inferior mesenteric artery branch off the aorta?

Answer 25

L3

Question 26

What are the branches of the inferior mesenteric artery?

Answer 26

left colic artery, several sigmoid arteries, superior rectal artery

Question 27

Where does the portal vein receive blood from?

Answer 27

tubular GIT, pancreas, gall bladder and spleen (inferior mesenteric vein, splenic vein and supeior mesenteric vein)

Question 28

What is the path of the portal vein?

Answer 28

Ascends in the free edge of the lesser omentum

Question 29

What are the 5 sites of portosystemic anastamoses?

Answer 29

oesophagus, anus, anterior abdominal wall, retroperitoneal structures, bare area of the liver

Question 30

Which nerve segments innervate the foregut derivatives?

Answer 30

T6-9

Question 31

Which nerve segments innervate the midgut derivatives?

Answer 31

T8-12

Question 32

Which nerve segments innervate the hindgut derivatives?

Answer 32

T12-L2

Question 33

Where are the sympathetic ganglion?

Answer 33

cluster around unpaired branches of aorta and renal arteries

Question 34

What nerves provide parasympathetic innervation to the gut?

Answer 34

vagus for foregut and midgut and pelvic splanchnics for hindgut

Question 35

Where will pain from unpaired abdominal viscera proximal to the mid sigmoid colon be referred to?

Answer 35

anterior abdominal wall - dermatomes T6-L2

Question 36

Where will pain from unpaired abdominal viscera distal to the mid sigmoid colon be referred to?

Answer 36

perineal region - dermatomes S2-4

Question 37

Where does lymph from structures supplied by unpaired arterial branches go?

Answer 37

To pre aortic lymph nodes

Question 38

Where does lymph from structures supplied by the paired arterial branches go?

Answer 38

To para aortic lymph nodes

Question 39

Where does all the lymph meet?

Answer 39

In the cisterna chyli