Accessory Organs To Digestion

Question 0

What are the 6 main functions of the liver?

Answer 0

Bile production
Metabolic pathways 
Produces plasma proteins 
Degrades drugs and toxins
Stores and converts several vitamins and iron
Endocrine

Question 1

What is the covering of the liver?

Answer 1

Glissons capsule

Question 2

What are the major functions of bile?

Answer 2

Aids in lipid digestion

Disposal of waste products

Question 3

What are the two sources of blood supply to the liver?

Answer 3

Hepatic artery

Hepatic portal vein

Question 4

What are the parenchyma of the liver?

Answer 4

Organized plates of hepatocytes

Question 5

What is the connective tissue stroma of the liver ?

Answer 5

Continuations of the fibrous capsule in the liver itself

Question 6

What are the sinusoidal capillaries?

Answer 6

Vascular channels between plates of hepatocytes than allow leakage through them to the hepatocytes into the space of disse

Question 7

What are the spaces of disse in the liver?

Answer 7

The space between the sinusoidal endothelium and the hepatocytes where plasma leaks into and hepatocyte cilia are found

Question 8

What does the classic model of looking at the liver center around?

Answer 8

Central vein in the middle

Corners are portal triads

Question 9

What does the portal model of the liver designed to emphasize?

Answer 9

Exocrine function (bile)

Question 10

What is the portal model centered around physically?

Answer 10

Portal triad in the middle

Central vein on the corners

Question 11

What is the liver acinus model good at showing?

Answer 11

Correlation between liver pathology, blood perfusion, and metabolic activity

Question 12

Where is the short axis in the liver acinus model?

Answer 12

Between two triads

Question 13

Where is the long axis in the liver acinus model?

Answer 13

Between two terminal hepatic venules

Question 14

Which zone cells are the first to show effects of reduced perfusion?

Answer 14

Zone 3

Question 15

Which zone cells are the first to show effects of bile obstruction?

Answer 15

Zone 1

Question 16

Where is the site of exchange in the liver?

Answer 16

Space of disse

Question 17

In a fetus, what is also found in the space of disse?

Answer 17

Islands of blood forming cells

Question 18

What cells are found in the space of disse in adults?

Answer 18

Ito cells (hepatic stellate cells)

Question 19

What do Ito cells do?

Answer 19

Store vitamin a

Question 20

What happens to Ito cells in pathological conditions?

Answer 20

Turn into myofibroblasts

Question 21

Plasma that remains in the space of disse drains where?

Answer 21

Into the space of mall to
Lymphatic capillaries to
thoracic duct

Question 22

What are 5 prominent organelles of hepatocytes?

Answer 22

Peroxisomes
RER
Lysosomes
Golgi
SER

Question 23

What do all the bile canaliculi come together and form?

Answer 23

Canal of hering

Question 24

What cells are speculated to be found in the canal of hering?

Answer 24

Hepatic stem cells

Question 25

What mucosa is the gallbladder?

Answer 25

Simple columnar epithelium

Question 26

What organelle are the epithelial cells of the gallbladder rich in?

Answer 26

Mitochondria

Question 27

What is the main function of the gallbladder?

Answer 27

Store bile, concentrate it, and release it

Question 28

What controls the contraction of the gallbladder?

Answer 28

CCK

Question 29

Where is the endocrine portion of the pancreas found?

Answer 29

Islets of langerhans

Question 30

What do acinar cells do in the pancreas?

Answer 30

Release and store pro enzymes

Question 31

What are the enzymes released by the acinar cells?

Answer 31

Proteolytic enzymes Amylase Lipases Nucleates

Question 32

Pro enzymes are made active in the small intestine by what two enzymes?

Answer 32

Enterokinase makes trypsin | Trypsin activates others

Question 33

What two hormones control pancreatic secretion and are produced in the enteroendocrine cells?

Answer 33

CCK | Secretin

Question 34

How does gastric acid interact with secretin?

Answer 34

Stimulus for it | It stimulates intercalated duct cells to release bicarbonate to neutralize acid

Question 35

How does CCK up regulate pancreatic secretion?

Answer 35

It is stimulated by lipids and gastric acid | It causes acinar cells to produce pro enzymes

Question 36

What are the three major cell types in islets of langerhans ?

Answer 36

Alpha Beta Delta

Question 37

What do beta cells secrete?

Answer 37

Insulin

Question 38

What do alpha cells secrete?

Answer 38

Glucagon

Question 39

What do delta cells secrete?

Answer 39

Somatostatin

Question 40

What are the three minor cells of the pancreas?

Answer 40

PP cells (f cells) D-1cells EC cells

Question 41

What do pp cells secrete?

Answer 41

Pancreatic polypeptide

Question 42

What do D-1 cells secrete?

Answer 42

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide

Question 43

What do ec cells secrete?

Answer 43

Secretin Motilin Substance p

Question 44

What is the major function of the endocrine pancreas?

Answer 44

Regulate blood glucose levels!

Question 45

What is the function of somatostatin ?

Answer 45

Inhibits insulin and glucagon