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Cell Bio Block 3 > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

0
Q

What are the parts of the respiratory portion of the of the respiratory system?

A

Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveoli

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1
Q

What are the parts of the conducting systems of the resp. System?

A 
Nasal cavity
Nasopharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Terminal bronchioles
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2
Q

What are the two main functions of the conducting portion of the respiratory system?

A

Condition air

Conduct air

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3
Q

What is the epithelium of the conducting portion?

A

Ciliated Pseudostratified columnar epith. W/ goblet cells

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4
Q

What are brush cells?

A

Columnar cells with micro villi + nerve endings for sensory function

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6
Q

What are basal cells?

A

Small cells that do not go up to the surface

Reserve cells that can differentiate into cell types

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7
Q

what is a small granular cell?

A

has dense core granules and is a neuroendocrine

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8
Q

what is the epithelium of the vestibule of the nose?

A

(transitions) nonkeratinized to respiratory epithelium

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9
Q

what are swell bodies?

A

venous plexuses on the mucosa of the conchae in the nasal fossae that swell alternatively to block airflow on that side and prevent drying out

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10
Q

what is the epithelium of the olfactory mucosa?

A

pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium

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11
Q

what secretes a fluid that covers the olfactory surface?

A

Bowman’s glands

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12
Q

what are olfactory cells

A

bipolar neurons that are chemoreceptors

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13
Q

what does the cartilage of the larynx do?

A

helps maintain an open airway

aids in producing sounds

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14
Q

what is the larger cartilage in the larynx made of?

A

hyaline

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15
Q

what is the smaller cartilage in the larynx made of?

A

elastic

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16
Q

what part of the larynx is lined w/ stratified squamous epithelium instead of respiratory epithelium?

A

Lingual + apical epiglottis

True vocal cords

17
Q

what is the epithelium of the bronchi?

A

respiratory epithelium

18
Q

what makes up the wall of the bronchi?

A

plates of cartilage
elastic fibers
smooth muscle (beneath epithelium)

19
Q

what largely makes up the walls of bronchioles?

A

smooth muscle and elastic fibers

scattered goblet cells

20
Q

what are the 2 types of epithelium in the bronchioles?

A

ciliated pseudostratified columnar

simple ciliated columnar/ cuboidal

21
Q

where are Clara cells found?

A

in the bronchiolar epithelium

22
Q

what do Clara cells do?

A

secrete surface acting substances + proteins to prevent oxidative damage

23
Q

what are neuroepithelial bodies?

A

groups of cells w/ secretory granules that receive nerve endings

24
Q

what do neuroepithelial bodies do?

A

chemoreceptors that react to gas composition changes

repair/renew epithelial cells after injury

25
Q

what is the structural difference between bronchioles and respiratory bronchioles?

A

respir. bronchioles walls have saclike alveoli

26
Q

what does the epithelium transition to in the respiratory bronchioles?

A

nonciliated cuboidal epithelium

27
Q

what is an alveolar duct?

A

when the wall of the respiratory bronchiole has nothing on it but alveoli

28
Q

what is the support for the alveolar duct and the alveoli?

A

reticular fibers

elastic fibers

29
Q

where does gas exchange happen?

A

alveoli

30
Q

what is the interalveolar septum?

A

a thin septum of 2 epithelial layers between 2 neighboring alveoli

31
Q

what 3 things make up the blood-air barrier?

A

alveolar lining cell
fused basal lamina
endothelial cell

32
Q

what are general characteristics of Type 1 alveolar cells?

A

97% of surface area
squamous lining cells
organelles are around the nucleus

33
Q

what is special about type 2 alveolar cells?

A

lamellar bodies produce surfactant (= foamy cytoplasm)

Cell Bio Block 3 (9 decks)

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