Digestive Development 1

Question 0

What are the 4 divisions of the gut tube?

Answer 0

Pharynx
Foregut
Midgut
Hindgut

Question 1

What does the primitive gut extend from?

Answer 1

The buccopharyngeal membrane to the cloacal membrane

Question 2

What does endoderm form in the gut tube?

Answer 2

Endocrine cells of pancreas
Hepatocytes
Epithelial lining

Question 3

What does splanchnic mesoderm form in the digestive tube?

Answer 3

= visceral
Stroma
Connective tissue
Peritoneal components

Question 4

What transcription factor specifies the esophagus and stomach

Answer 4

SOX 2

Question 5

What transcription factor specifies the duodenum?

Answer 5

PDX1

Question 6

What transcription factor specifies the small intestine?

Answer 6

CDXC

Question 7

What transcription factor specifies the large intestine and rectum?

Answer 7

CDXA

Question 8

How does sonic hedgehog play a part in gut tube differentiation?

Answer 8

It up regulates mesoderm and mesoderm determines the type of digestive organ that forms there

Question 9

Somatic mesoderm that lines the intraembryonic cavity ultimately becomes what?

Answer 9

Mesothelium

Then parietal layer

Question 10

Once the respiratory diverticulum appears at the pharyngeal gut, what gradually happens?

Answer 10

They separate from each other and form the ventral respiratory portion and the dorsal esophagus portion

Question 11

What is the upper 2/3 of the esophagus innervated by?

Answer 11

Vagus

Question 12

What is the lower 1/3 of the esophagus innervated by?

Answer 12

Splanchnic plexus

Question 13

The stomach rotates how when it begins developing?

Answer 13

90 degrees clockwise

Question 14

What is important to note about the lumen of the duodenum during development

Answer 14

It closes off during 2nd month and reopens shortly after

Question 15

Where does the duodenum receive its blood supply?

Answer 15

The celiac trunk

Superior mesenteric artery

Question 16

What is the liver bud formed out of?

Answer 16

Endodermal epithelium

Question 17

What is the septum transversarium

Answer 17

A mesodermal plate between the pericardial cavity and yolk stalk

Question 18

How does the gallbladder and cystic duct form?

Answer 18

Outgrowth of the bile duct

Question 19

What do liver cords differentiate into?

Answer 19

Liver parenchyma

Lining of bile duct

Question 20

What does mesoderm of the septum transversarium give rise to?

Answer 20

Hematopoietic stem cells
Kupffer cells
Connective tissue

Question 21

What transcription factor, secreted by cardiac mesoderm, is found in the hepatic region to block liver inhibitors so we can grow a liver??

Answer 21

FGF 2

Question 22

What transcription factor helps the liver respond to FGF2 better?

Answer 22

BMPs

Question 23

Which transcription factors help the liver differentiate into biliary cells and hepatocytes?

Answer 23

HNF3

HNF4

Question 24

What are the two buds that form the pancreas?

Answer 24

Dorsal pancreatic bud

Ventral pancreatic bud

Question 25

How is the main pancreatic duct formed?

Answer 25

The ventral pancreas moves below the dorsal one and and the duct forms from all of the ventral’s and the distal portion of the dorsal pancreatic ducts

Question 26

Where does the accessory pancreatic duct come from?

Answer 26

The remaining proximal portion of the dorsal pancreatic duct

Question 27

What factors help form the dorsal pancreatic bud by repressing SHH ?

Answer 27

FGF2

Activin

Question 28

What induces ventral pancreatic bud formation?

Answer 28

Splanchnic mesoderm

Question 29

What is the master gene for pancreatic development?

Answer 29

PDX gene

Question 30

What transcription factors dictate endocrine pancreatic cell lineage?

Answer 30

PAX 4

PAX6

Question 31

If a pancreatic endocrine cell has both PAX 4 and PAX 6, what can it become?

Answer 31

Beta
Delta
Gamma

Question 32

If a pancreatic cell has only PAX 6, what can it become?

Answer 32

Alpha