Integumentary system

Question 1

what are the 2 layers of the integumentary system?

Answer 1

epidermis

dermis

Question 2

what type of epithelium is the epidermis and what is it derived from

Answer 2

stratified squamous epithelium (keratinized)

ectoderm

Question 3

what type of epithelium is the dermis and what is it derived from?

Answer 3

dense connective tissue

mesoderm

Question 4

what is the layer beneath the dermis?

Answer 4

hypodermis

Question 5

what are the 5 layers of the epidermis?

Answer 5

Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum corneum

Question 6

how are cells of the stratum basale connected to the basal lamina?

Answer 6

hemidesmosomes

Question 7

how are the cells of the stratum basale connected to each other?

Answer 7

desmosomes

Question 8

what do the cells of the stratum basale contain?

Answer 8

melanin

Question 9

what special process happens in the stratum basale because of the abundant o2 and nutrients?

Answer 9

mitosis

Question 10

what special feature do the cells in the stratum spinosum have?

Answer 10

spines

Question 11

how are the spines connected to adjacent cells?

Answer 11

desmosomes

Question 12

what are the thickening of the desmosomes in the stratum spinosum called?

Answer 12

nodes of Bizzozero

Question 13

what granules are in the cells of the stratum granulosum?

Answer 13

keratohyalin granules

Question 14

what proteins/compounds are in the keratohyalin granules?

Answer 14

cysteine and histadine-rich proteins

Question 15

what are cells of the stratum corneum filled w/?

Answer 15

keratin

Question 16

what type of collagen makes up the papillary layer of the dermis?

Answer 16

type 1 and 3

Question 17

what are dermal papillae?

Answer 17

protrusions into the epidermis= fingerprints

Question 18

what type of collagen/fibers make up the reticular layer of the dermis?

Answer 18

type 1 collagen + elastic fibers

Question 19

what do the type 1 collagen and elastic fibers of the reticular layer of the dermis form in the skin?

Answer 19

Langer’s lines

Question 20

what does excessive stretching of the reticular layer of the dermis cause?

Answer 20

stretch marks

Question 21

where are two examples of smooth muscle in the hypodermis?

Answer 21

arrector pili muscle (cause goose bumps around hair)

dartos muscle in scrotum

Question 22

what is the layer of adipose tissue of the hypodermis called?

Answer 22

panniculus adiposus

Question 23

what is the vestigual layer of striated muscle deep to the subcutaneous fascia in the hypodermis?

Answer 23

panniculus carnosus

Question 24

what 3 things do keratinocytes of the epidermis synthesize?

Answer 24

keratin
keratohyalin granules
lamellar bodies

Question 25

what are melanocytes derived from?

Answer 25

neural crest cells

Question 26

What is an epidermal-melanin unit?

Answer 26

Melanocyte+ a # of keratinocytes

Question 27

what is the most significant factor in skin color?

Answer 27

melanin content

Question 28

what enzyme is critical to produce melanin?

Answer 28

tyrosinase

Question 29

what are the most common characteristics in Waardenburg syndrome?

Answer 29

Patch of white hair and skin Heterochromia irides (eyes of different colors) Deafness

Question 30

what causes Waardenburg syndrome?

Answer 30

faulty proliferation/migration of neural crest cells

Question 31

what are 3 key features of Langerhans cell?

Answer 31

Part of the mononuclear phagocytic system APC Initiates cutaneous hypersensitivity

Question 32

what is Merkel’s corpuscle

Answer 32

Merkel’s corpuscle= neuron + Merkel cell

Question 33

what are Pacinian corpuscles

Answer 33

Deep pressure receptors

Question 34

what are Meissner’s corpuscles

Answer 34

Touch receptors (dermal papillae)

Question 35

what are Ruffini corpuscles

Answer 35

Mechanical displacement of collagen fibers

Question 36

How is the Sebaceous gland connected to the hair?

Answer 36

by the pilosebaceous duct

Question 37

what is the type of secretion that is used to secrete sebum?

Answer 37

holocrine

Question 38

what are eccrine sweat glands also called?

Answer 38

sudoriferous glands

Question 39

how is the excretory product discharged from apocrine sweat glands?

Answer 39

exocytosis

Question 40

what are the parts of the nail?

Answer 40

``` Root Matrix Lunula (white half moon) Eponychium (cuticle) Hyponychium (under the nail) ```

Question 41

what is the name of the eyelash mite?

Answer 41

Demodex folliculorum