Flashcards in Acid Base Disorders CIS Deck (28):
1
ventilation
gas gets to alveoli
2
minute ventilation
RR x TV
3
henderson hasselbach
pH = 6.1 + log(HCO3) / 0.03 x pCO2
4
primary acid base disorder
pathologic process
5
secondary acid base disorder
normal physiologic compensation to primary disorder
6
high anion gap metabolic acidosis
look at MUDPILES causes
7
normal anion gap metabolic acidosis
look at extra-renal loss (diarrhea)
-or renal loss (RTA)
8
causes of respiratory acidosis
hypoventilation
-drugs decreased resp drive
-decreased tidal volume anatomically
9
anion gap
Na - HCO3 - Cl
normal = 10
10
MUDPILES
methanol
uremia (ESRD)
diabetic ketoacidosis
paraldehyde
infection, iron, isoniazide
lactic acidosis
ethylene glycol, alcohol
salicylates, starvation
11
uremic acidosis
severe renal function decrease
12
lactic acidosis
metformin
HIV meds
isoniazide
liver failure
seizures
sepsis
ischemia
13
diabetic ketoacidosis
more often DM I
-lipolysis - fatty acide to liver - ketones - acidosis
14
osmolar gap
2xNa + glucose/18 + BUN/2.8
normal less than 10
15
alcoholic ketoacidosis osmolar gap**
OG = ethanol /4.6
if not, look other alcohols
-ethylene glycol, methanol
16
tinnitus
ear ringing
-salicylate poisoning
17
causes of normal AG metabolic acidosis
diarrhea
decreased HCO3 reabsorption
increased anion intake
large NaCl (expansion acidosis)
18
contraction
alkalosis
19
expansion
acidosis
20
RTA type I
distal
-decreased H secretion
-alkaline urine**
-risk of stone formation
-hypokalemia
21
RTA type II
proximal
-defect bicarb reabsorption prox tub
-elevated urine bicarb
-low urine pH**
-hypokalemia
22
RTA type IV
distal hyperkalemic
-chronic renal failure
-insufficient aldosterone production or resistance
-hyperkalemia**
23
urinary anion gap
Na + K - Cl
negative - extrarenal loss (high NH4)
positive - renal loss (low NH4)
24
metabolic alkalosis
vomiting, NG suction
contraction alkalosis - dehydration
hypokalemia
correction for chronic resp acidosis
25
signs of metabolic adidosis
kussmaul respiration
N/V
arrhythmia
neuro effects
26
carpopedal spasm
metabolic alkalosis
-due to secondary hypocalcemia
27
body never overcompensates
pH gives you primary
28