ACMS CERTIFICATION REVIEW

Question 0

What is systemic anatomy?

Answer 0

Organized according to organ systems ( e.g nervous system, repiratory system )

Question 1

What is regional or topographic anatomy?

Answer 1

organized in regions, parts or divisions ( e.g hands, mouth)

Question 2

What is Biomechanics?

Answer 2

The principles of physics related to the energy and force as they apply to the human body.

Question 3

What is Proximal?

Answer 3

Nearest to the body center, joint center or reference point.

Question 4

What is Distal?

Answer 4

Away from the body center, joint center or reference point.

Question 5

What is Superior (cranial)?

Answer 5

Above, towards the head

Question 6

What is Inferior (caudal)?

Answer 6

Lower than, towards the feet.

Question 7

What is Anterior (ventral)?

Answer 7

Towards the front

Question 8

What is Posterior (dorsal)?

Answer 8

Towards the back

Question 9

What is Medial?

Answer 9

Closer to the midline

Question 10

What is lateral?

Answer 10

Away from the midline

Question 11

How many planes the body has?

Answer 11

3 cardinal planes, sagittal, frontal and transverse (horizontal).

Question 12

What is the sagittal plane?

Answer 12

Makes a division into right and left portions

Question 13

What is the frontal plane?

Answer 13

Makes a division into anetrior and posterior portions

Question 14

What is the transverse plane or (horizontal plane)?

Answer 14

Make a division into the superior and inferior portions

Question 15

How many axes the body has?

Answer 15

3 Mediolateral, Anteroposterior and longitudinal axis

Question 16

What is the Mediolateral axis?

Answer 16

Lies perpendicular to the sagittal plane

Question 17

What is the Anteroposterior axis?

Answer 17

Lies perpendicular to the frontal plane

Question 18

What is the Longitudinal axis?

Answer 18

Lies perpendicular to the transverse plane

Question 19

What is Flexion?

Answer 19

Movement that decreases the joint angle. It occurs in the sagittal plane around the mediolateral axis

Question 20

What is Extentsion?

Answer 20

Movement opposite of flexion, increases the joint angle . It occurs in the sagittal plane around the mediolateral axis.

Question 21

What is Adduction?

Answer 21

Movement towards the midline of the body in a frontal plane around an anteroposterior axis.

Question 22

What is Abduction?

Answer 22

Movement away from the midline of the body in a frontal plane around the anteroposterior axis

Question 23

What is Rotation?

Answer 23

Movement around a longitduinal axis and in the transverse plane, either towards the midline (internal) or away from the midline (external)

Question 24

What is Circumduction?

Answer 24

A combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction. The segment moving in circumduction describes a cone.

Question 25

What is Pronation?

Answer 25

A rotational movement at the radioulnar joint in a transverse plane about a longitudinal axis that results in the palm facing downward.

Question 26

What is Supination?

Answer 26

A rotational movement at the radioulnar joint in a transverse plane about a longitudinal axis that results in the palm facing upward.

Question 27

What is Plantarflexion?

Answer 27

Extension at the ankle joint.

Question 28

What is Dorsiflexion?

Answer 28

Flexion at the ankle joint

Question 29

What is Eversion?

Answer 29

Moving the sole of the foot away from the midline (outward)

Question 30

What is Inversion?

Answer 30

Moving the sole of the foot towards the midline (inward)

Question 31

What is the Axial Skeleton?

Answer 31

It contains the bones of the skull, vertebral column, ribs and sternum.

Question 32

Of the 29 bones of the skull, which one is the most significant in terms of exercise testing?

Answer 32

The Mandible, it may serve as an orienting landmark for palpating the carotid artery to assess pulse

Question 33

What acts as the main axial support for the body?

Answer 33

The vertebral column or the spine

Question 34

How many vertebrae in the spine?

Answer 34

33, 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral (fused into one bone sacrum) and 4 coccygeal (fused into one bone coccyx.

Question 35

What are the intervertebral disk composed off?

Answer 35

Fibrocartilaginous tissue

Question 36

What is the outer fibrocartilaginous portion of the disk called?

Answer 36

annulus fibrosus

Question 37

What is the inner gelatinous portion?

Answer 37

Nucleus pulposus

Question 38

What is the purpose of the disks?

Answer 38

Unite the vertebral bodies and serve to absorb shock and bear weight

Question 39

How many curvatures does the adult vertebral column has?

Answer 39

4 in the sagittal plane

Question 40

The curves in the sacral and thoracic regions are defined as?

Answer 40

Kyphosis, because the convexity of the curve is posteriorly directed.

Question 41

Why are the sacral and thoracic curves considered primary?

Answer 41

Because they retain the same directional curvature as the spine in the fetus

Question 42

The curves in the cervical and lumbar regions are defined as?

Answer 42

Lordosis, because the convexity of the curve is anteriorly directed.

Question 43

Why are the cervical and lumbar curves considered secondary?

Answer 43

Because they develop after birth as the infant progresses in weight bearing

Question 44

What are the most common abnormal curves found in the sagittal plane?

Answer 44

Hyperkyhosis (exaggerated posterior thoracic curvature) and Hyperlordosis (exaggerated anterior lumbar curvature)

Question 45

What are the most common abnormal curves found in the frontal plane?

Answer 45

Scoliosis (lateral deviation in the frontal plane)

Question 46

How many ribs the human body has?

Answer 46

12 pairs and 7 are considered true ribs. The costal cartilage articulates with the sternum

Question 47

The spaces between ribs is called?

Answer 47

Intercostal spaces

Question 48

Where are the ECG electrodes placed?

Answer 48

Fourth and Fifth intercostal spaces

Question 49

Where is the sternum located?

Answer 49

In the middle of the chest

Question 50

What are the parts of the sternum?

Answer 50

3 parts, the manubrium (superior), the body (middle), xiphoid (inferior)

Question 51

What is the sternal angle?

Answer 51

A slightly raised surface landmark where the manubrium meets the body of the sternum

Question 52

Palpation of the xiphoid process is necessary for what?

Answer 52

CPR

Question 53

How do you determine proper paddle placement in defibrillator?

Answer 53

By palpating the manubrium

Question 54

What is the Appendicular Skeleton?

Answer 54

It includes the bones of the arms, legs and pectoral and pelvic girdles. Functions to attach the limbs to the trunk

Question 55

What are the two important landmarks of the scapula?

Answer 55

The inferior angle (used for skinfold site location) and the acromion process (used for shoulder breadth measurement)

Question 56

The humerus articulates where?

Answer 56

Proximally with the glenoid fossa of the scapula and distally with the ulna and radius.

Question 57

What are the most easily palpable aspects of the humerus?

Answer 57

The medial and lateral epicondyles (used for elbow width measurement in estimating frame size)

Question 58

What bones are in the forearms?

Answer 58

Ulna and radius