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Kin 322 > Action Preperation > Flashcards

Action Preperation Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

Reaction time

A

Interval between stimulus and initiation of muscle response (movement)
E.g. time between gun goes off and first initiation of movement

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2
Q

2 reaction time components

A
  1. Premotor time
  2. Motor time
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3
Q

Pre-motor time

A

Indicates perceptual and cognitive decision making activity (neural aspect)
- before any muscle activity

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4
Q

Motor time

A

Time between electromyography activity and the movement we see

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5
Q

Info processing model of premotor activities

A

Perception (stimulus identification) -> cognition (response selection) ->action planning (response programming)

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6
Q

What does response time include

A

Reaction time and movement time

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7
Q

Movement time

A

Interval of time between start and end of movement

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8
Q

What are RT and MT

A

Independent measures
Fast reaction does not mean fast movement in many situations

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9
Q

When does muscle activity occur

A

During motor time and movement time

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10
Q

How do we know how much time we spend in each phase

A

Donders subtractive method

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11
Q

Donders subtractive method

A

Measure duration of each stage of info processing using 3 different conditions and 4 stages in RT paradigm

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12
Q

4 parts of RT

A

Cue to move, start of muscle activity, movement start, movement end

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13
Q

3 conditions of Donders subtractive method

A
  1. Simple RT (task a)
  2. Choice RT (task b)
  3. Discrimination RT (task c)
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14
Q

Simple RT

A

One signal, one response
E.g. stop sign

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15
Q

Choice RT

A

More than one signal, each with own response
E.g. traffic light

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16
Q

Discrimination RT

A

More than one signal, one response
Go or no go

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17
Q

4 stages in RT paradigm of Donders subtractive method

A
  1. Stimulus detection
  2. Stimulus recognition
  3. Response selection
  4. Response programming
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18
Q

Stimulus detection

A

Determining if sitmulus has occurred

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19
Q

Stimulus recognition

A

Identify what stimulus it was

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20
Q

Response selection

A

Choosing correct response

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21
Q

Response programming

A

Generating motor commands to make movement happen

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22
Q

What does stimulus detection and stimulus identification of the Donders subtractive method line up with in the info processing model

A

Perception

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23
Q

What does response selection line up to in info processing model

A

Cognition

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24
Q

What does response programming from Donders subtractive method line up with in info processing model

A

Action planning

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25
What parts of Donders subtractive method are used in choice RT
Stimulus detection - stimulus recognition - response selection - response program
26
What parts of Donders subtractive method are used in go or no go
Stimulus detection - stimulus recognition - response program
27
What parts of Donders subtractive method are used in simple RT
Stimulus detection - response program
28
Which type of RT has more chance of error
Discrimination
29
6 situation and task characteristics that affect reaction time
1. # of choices 2. Predictability of choices 3. Probability of pre cue correctness 4. Stimulus-response compatibility 5. Regulatory of foreperiod 6. Order of stimulus presentation
30
Hicks law
Number of choices RT will increase as number of choices increases
31
What is number of choices interested in
Process time from input to output
32
Increasing number of choices influences what
Decisions making -> increases response selection stage of info processing -> increase in RT
33
Each time number of choices doubles what happens
RT increases by nearly an equal amount
34
To decrease reaction time in hicks law
Want to decrease amount of choices
35
When can hicks law not be applied
When some of the choices can be predicted with precues
36
What is precuing technique
Involves presenting a precue before the signal to move
37
what does precue provide info about
Some, none, ore all the options defining the desired response
38
As predictability of one of the possible choices increases
Reaction time decreases
39
As number of pre-cued dimensions increase
RT decreased
40
What is the benefit of precue info
The participant only need to prepare non precued dimensions - decreased RT
41
What must happen to gain benefits from the precue
Need to maintain focus
42
Probability of precue correctness
If there is higher probability of a particular choice occurring, the performer will likely prepare that movement choice in advance of reaction stimulus
43
What is the cost-benefit trade-off of probability of precue correctness
Cost= slower RT if bias is incorrect Benefit= faster RT if bias is correct
44
Stimulus-response compatibility
RT improves with the compatibility between the sitmulus and the response RT increases if stimulus suggests one type of response but required response is different
45
Left light means left button and right light means right button
Spatially compatible
46
Left light means press left side and right light press on right side
Effector compatible
47
Left light means right button and right light means left button
Spatially incompatible
48
Left light triggers right hand and right light triggers left hand
Effector incompatible
49
If left light means right button but arms crossed and pressed with left finger
Effector compatible
50
Location is spatially compatible if
Signal on right side of screen corresponds to key location on right side of the keyboard
51
Effector is compatible if
Signal on left side of screen corresponds to key press with left hand
52
Which incompatibility has greatest effect on RT
Spatially incompatibility
53
Strop test
RT increases (and numbers of errors) when the sitmulus (meaning of word) is not compatible with required response (colour of text)
54
What do we process faster: meaning of word or appearance of font
Meaning of word
55
What is most affected by strop effect
Response selection/cognition
56
What other factors affect stroop test
Number of stimulus response alternatives, S-R compatibility and amount of practice
57
Foreperiod
Time between warning signal and a “go” signal
58
Effect of fore period length on RT
If foreperiod constant, simple RT decreases - performer can anticipate timing
59
What can we attribute the shorter RT associate with constant fore periods to
Anticipation of the performer
60
Difference between foreperiod and precue
Foreperiod- no info just a warning period Precue- info about direction, or about task, etc.
61
Order of stimulus presented
Situation that require person to respond to a signal with an action then respond to another signal with a different action Ie. bball defence: offence fakes right then moves left RT will be slower for defensive players second movement than first
62
What causes RT to seconds movement to be slower than first
Psychological refractory period Reflects a distinct limitation in action prep process
63
Why is there a psychological refractory period
Response 2 cannot be selected until first movement is initiated
64
When can PRP be eliminated
If stimulus 2 occurs after response 1
65
2 characteristics of the performer affecting reaction time
1. Level of alertness 2. Where attention is directed
66
Alertness of performer influences
-time they take to prepare a required action - quality of action itself
67
Two types of performance situation where alertness important
RT task- short length but needs response quickly and accurately Long term maintenance of alertness- respond fast and accurate but signals are infrequent and irregular
68
What sort of tasks is alertness important for
Immediate and longer term tasks
69
Immediate tasks (RT tasks)
Optimal length between warning signal and “go” signal 1-4 seconds for simple RT tasks If go signal too soon after warning signal then RT increases If go signal too later after warning signal then RT increases
70
“Vigilance” tasks (long term )
Longer term maintenance for irregular, infrequent stimuli Increase time between signals= increas RT and errors Negatively affected by sleep deprivation
71
2 important components when reacting as fast as possible to signal
1. RT 2. Movement time
72
What to focus when reacting
Can focus on signal itself (sensory set) On movement required (motor set)
73
What focus shortened prep time
Focusing on signal (sensory set) Decreased prep time decreased RT

Kin 322 (21 decks)

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