Adaptations Flashcards

1
Q

How can animals and plants survive in many different environments?

A

Because they have adapted to their environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What two things are desert animals adapted to do?

A
  1. Save water
  2. Keep cool
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name 5 specific ways desert animals are adapted to their conditions

A
  1. Large surface area compared to volume
  2. Small amounts of Concentrated urine
  3. Produce little sweat
  4. Thin layers of body fat and a thin coat
  5. Sandy colour
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does having a large surface area to volume ratio allow desert animals to do?

A

Lose more body heat, which stops them over heating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why do desert animals produce small amounts of concentrated urine?

A

To lose less water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why do desert animals produce very little sweat?

A

To lose less water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How are camels able to produce very little sweat?

A

By tolerating big changes in body temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How are kangeroo rats able to produce very little sweat?

A

By living in underground burrows where it is cool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why do desert animals have very thin layers of body fat and a thin coat?

A

To help them lose body heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Camels have a very thin layer of body fat and a thin coat to help them lose body heat.

How are they adapted to do this?

A

They keep nearly all their fat in their humps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why do desert animals have sandy coloured coats?

A

For camouflage - helps them avoid predators and sneak up on prey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How have arctic* animals adapted?

*In this deck ‘arctic’ is shorthand for ‘an animals living in cold conditions’, as ‘arctic’ is quicker to write

A

To reduce heat loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name the 4 ways arctic animals have adapted to reduce heat loss

A
  1. Small surface area compared to volume
  2. Thick layer of blubber
  3. Thick hairy coats
  4. Greasy fur
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe how arctic animals have adapted to keep their surface area to a minimum, and why

A

They have a compacted (rounded) shape

To reduce heat loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why do arctic animals have a thick layer of blubber?

Name the second advantage

A

For insulation

Also acts as an energy store when food is scarce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why have arctic animals adapted to have thick, hairy coats?

A

To keep body heat in

17
Q

What does arctic animals’ greasy fur do, and why does this adaptation help them survive in arctic conditions?

A

Greasy fur sheds water

This prevents cooling due to evaporation

18
Q

How are arctic animals camouflaged to help them survive in their environment?

A

White fur

Helps them avoid predators and sneak up on prey

19
Q

Desert plants have adapted to having what?

A

Limited water

20
Q

Name the 3 ways desert plants have adapted to having limited water

A
  1. Small surface area compared to volume
  2. Water storage tissues
  3. Maximising water absorption
21
Q

What two adaptions of desert plants make them have a small surface area compared to volume and WHY

A
  1. Cacti have spines instead of leaves, to reduce water loss by water vapour
  2. Small surface area compared to their size reducing water loss
22
Q

Explain why having large leaves is not beneficial for desert plants

A

Plants lose water vapour from their leaves

23
Q

Desert plants have a surface area that is about ____ times smaller than normal plants’

A

Desert plants have a surface area that is about 1000 times smaller than normal plants’

24
Q

Give an example of water storage tissue in cacti

A

Cacti store water in their thick stems

25
1. Describe how cacti maximise their water absorption 2. Describe how other desert plants maximise their water absorption
1. Cacti have **shallow** but **extensive roots** to absorb water _quickly_ over a _large area_ 2. Others have **deep roots** to access **underground** water
26
Besides environement, how else are some plants and animals adapted to increase their chances of survival?
Some are adapted to **deter predators**
27
Name the 3 categories of how some animals and plants are adapted to deter predators
1. Armour 2. Poisons 3. Warning colours
28
Give 3 examples of animals/ plants with armour
1. Roses - **thorns** 2. Cacti - **sharp spines** 3. Tortoises - **shells**
29
Give 2 examples of animals/ plants that produce poisons
1. Bees 2. Poison ivy
30
Give an example of a type of animal/ plant that has warning colours
**Wasps**
31
Why do some animals/ plants have warning colours?
To **scare** off predators
32
Microorganisms have a **wide variety** of _adaptations_...
...So that they can live in a **wide range** of _environments_
33
Some microorganisms (e.g. bacteria) as known as ____ - they're adapted to live in ____ \_\_\_\_.
Some microorganisms (e.g. bacteria) as known as **extremophiles** - they're adapted to live in **extreme conditions**.
34
Give 3 examples of conditions that extemophiles could live in
1. _Volcanic vents_ - incredibly **hot** 2. _Salty lakes_ - incredibly **salty** 3. _Sea bed_ - **high pressures**
35
By looking at an animal's \_\_\_\_, we should be able to work out the kind of ____ it lives in (and vice versa)
By looking at an animal's **characteristics**, we should be able to work out the kind of **environment** it lives in (and vice versa)