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physiology > adaptations causing changes in body physiology > Flashcards

adaptations causing changes in body physiology Flashcards

1
Q

19: VO2max

A

maximum amount of O2 delivered to working tissues and utilised in aerobic metabolism

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2
Q

19: increased exercise =

A

generates increase O2

increase VO2

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3
Q

19: utilisation theory

A

VO2 max is determined by body’s ability to utilise the available o2

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4
Q

19: result of increases ventilation is

A

increased diffusion capacity due to increased blood flow through lungs and tissue

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5
Q

19: VT

A

= point during exercise at which venilation increases at faster rate than VO2

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6
Q

19: cardiac output during exercise

A

HR increases
stroke volume increases
cardiac output increases

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7
Q

19: cardiac output equation

A

HR X SV

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8
Q

19: cardiac output

A

measure of blood flow per minute

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9
Q

19: what is HR increase mediated by

A
  • increased sympathetic activation of SA node

- decreased parasympathetic output

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10
Q

19: stroke volume dips at

A

extremes of exercise

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11
Q

19: increased end diastolic volume from (preload)

A

sympathetic venocontriction
skeletal muscle pump
respiratory pump

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12
Q

19: decreased after load from

A

vasodilation

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13
Q

19: decreased sympathetic drive =

A

slower HR

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14
Q

19: what are changes in cardiac output dependent on

A

HR

stroke volume

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15
Q

19: factors affecting a-vO2 difference

A

increases capillaristaion,capillary fibre ratio and aerobic capability

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16
Q

19: adaptations of O2 transport - how are central adaptations achieved

A

low intensity training

7-% VO2 max

17
Q

19: adaptations of 02 transport - how are peripheral adaptations achieved

A

higher intensity training

90% vo2 max

18
Q

19: effects of detraining

A

initial decrease in VO2 max due to decreased SV

later decreased VO2 max due to decreased a-v o2 difference

19
Q

20: partial pressure of given gas determined by

A

conc of gas within mixture

total pressure of mixture

20
Q

20: as altitude increases what decreases

A

barometri pressure falls (hypobaria)

partial pressure of o2 drops

21
Q

20: partial pressure - daltons law

A

pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to sum of partial pressures of each gas in the mixture

22
Q

20: response to hypobaric environment (low atmospheric pressure)

A

increase ventilation

chemoreceptors in carotid body stimulated by PO2 which drives respiration (due to hypoxia)

23
Q

20: PiO2 + PaO2

A 
PiO2 = partial pressure of inspired o2 
PaO2 = partial pressure of arterial o2
24
Q

20: oxyhemoglobin disassociation curve - left shift vs right shift

A

L - decreases temp / increased - R
L - decreased 2-2 DPG / increased - R
L - decreased H+ / increased - R
R - redcued affintiy

25
Q

20: initial physiological adaptations to altitude - increased diphosphoglycerate (2-3 DPG)

A
  • production increased
  • o2 dissociation curve = right
  • Hb released O2 at higher PO2 making O2 more available
26
Q

20: where is 2-3 DPG produced

A

erythrocytes

27
Q

20: long term physiological adaptations to altitude - increased haematocrit (Initial and long term)

A

I - decrease in plasma volume
I - increased urination and ventilation rate
L - increased haemopoiesis
L - decrease O2 tension in kidney so it released erythropoietin

28
Q

20: long term physiological adpatations to altitude - increased capillary numbers

A

more capillaries - angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels)
improved diffusion of O2
increased SA for gas exchange

29
Q

20: AMS

A

acute mountain sickness = impact of hypoxia (low 02 levels) on body

30
Q

20: AMS - symptoms

A

headache
fatigue
anorexia

31
Q

20: HACE

A

AMS can progress to High altitude cereberal Edma
permanent neurologic disability
severe symptoms - Coma, seizures

32
Q

20: HACE - vasogenic oedema

A

movement of fluid into CNS across brain barrier increases intracranial pressure
- impaired brain function or cerebral hypoxia

33
Q

20: HACE - cytotoxic oedema

A

retention of fluid by cells in CNS, which increases intracranial pressure

  • impaired brain function
  • cerebral hypoxia

physiology (7 decks)

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