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MTAP 1: BACTE > Aerobic gram (+) bacilli > Flashcards

Aerobic gram (+) bacilli Flashcards

(42 cards)

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1
Q

● Largest known pathogenic bacteria
● 2-5 um
● Non-motile, zoonotic bacteria

A

BACILLUS ANTHRACIS

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2
Q

BACILLUS ANTHRACIS

  • Microscopic
  • Spores
  • Shape
  • Capsule
A
  • gram (+) bacilli in chain, bamboo square ends
  • (+)
  • Central or subterminal
  • Poly-γ-d-glutamic acid (PGA)
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3
Q

BACILLUS ANTHRACIS

  1. Important to form resistance against antibiotics
  2. Lethal factor (LF), edema factor (EF), and protective antigen
  3. Poly-D-glutamic acid capsule ○ Inhibits phagocytosis
A
  1. Plasmids (pX01, pXO2)
  2. pXO1
  3. pXO2
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4
Q

What is the test that will differentiate B. anthracis from B. cereus?

A

MOTILITY

● B. anthracis is big, therefore, it has a hard time moving = Non-motile

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5
Q

BACILLUS ANTHRACIS

● Aka black eschar; Most common; Vesicle ruptures, resulting in a necrotic lesion that continues to grow into the characteristic BLACK ESCHAR
● Respiratory infection; AKA Rag picker’s disease; Mediastinitis; Only seen in B. anthracis; Inflammation of the mediastinum
● Blood diarrhea

A
  1. Cutaneous anthrax (malignant postule)
  2. Woolstorer’s disease
  3. Gastroenterotitis
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6
Q

Culture: B. anthrax

  • BAP colony
  • Appearance
  • Tube gelatin appearance
  • Selective medium:
A
  • Nonhemolytic
  • Medusa head
  • Medium inverted pine tree; stand up like an egg white when teased with a loop
  • PLET (Polymyxin-lysozyme-EDTA-thallous acetate)
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7
Q

LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS: B. anthrax

  1. differentiates from Clostridium spp.
  2. Test on BAP
  3. Serologic assay
  4. Susceptibility test
  5. Precipitation test
A
  1. Catalase (+)
  2. String of pearl test(0.05 U of PEN) on BAP
  3. PCR, Flourescence Ab test, ELISA
  4. Penicillin (S)
  5. Ascoli test (+) precipitin diagnostic
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8
Q
  • Fried rice bacillus
  • Commonly isolated from patients who have been infected from eating fried rice
  • Motile
A

BACILLUS CEREUS

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9
Q

BACILLUS CEREUS

  1. Infective Dose
  2. Contributing to the severity of the infection
  3. Infection: Meat or poultry, vegetables, and pasta (8-16 hours)
  4. Infection: Indistinguishable from watery diarrhea by Clostridium perfringens; Nausea and vomiting 1-5 hours after infestation of contaminated food
  5. Macroscopic Examination
A
  • 10^5 = 100,000
  • Exotoxin
  • Food poisoning: diarrheal
  • Food poisoning: emetic
  • beta; frosted glass-appearing colony
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10
Q
  • Least pathogenic among the genera of Bacillus
  • Common laboratory contaminant
  • Use of source of antibiotics
A

BACILLUS SUBTILIS

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11
Q

BACILLUS SUBTILIS

  • Spore:
  • Microscopic:
A
  • Gram (+) bacilli in chain
  • Centrally located
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12
Q

Microbial Control

  1. Oven or dry oven
  2. Ethylene gas (ETO)
A
  1. Bacillus stearothermophilus
  2. Bacillus subtilis var globigi
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13
Q
  • Klebs-Lӧeffler’s bacillus
  • Highly pleomorphic
  • Appearing in palisades (“V” and “L” formations)
  • Methylene blue: beaded appearance
A

CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE

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14
Q

CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE

  1. Most common formations
  2. beaded appearance AKA
  3. Agent of?
  4. Strains of C. diphtheria infected with a lysogenic beta-phage; Also found in: ulcerans and psedutuberculosis
A
  1. Chinese characters
  2. Babes-Ernst granules, Metachromatin or volutin granules (accumulation of nutrient reserves)
  3. Diptheria
  4. Diptheria toxin
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15
Q

D. diptheria

Environmental requirement
1. Aerotolerance
2. Temperature
3. Enhance pleomorphism and demonstration of metachromatic granules
4. To reduce tellurite and cystinase activity
5. Result of Reduction of tellurite
6. Result of Cystinase activity

A
  1. Facultative anaerobe
  2. 15-40C
  3. Loeffler serum or Pai agars
  4. Cystine-tellurite blood agar
  5. Black or brownish colonies
  6. Brown halo
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16
Q

Corynebacterium

Used to differentiate C. diphtheria from C. ulcerans & C. pseudotuberculosis

A

Urease

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17
Q

Cornebacterium

Urease (+)
Urease (-)

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A

positive
- Cornebacterium ulcerans
- C. pseudotuberculosis

negative
Cornebacterium diphtheria

18
Q

Lab diagnosis: Cornebacterium

  • Fried egg appearance on blood agar (clear colonies with white centers); Bleach like odor on tellurite medium; Medium colonies
  • Largest colonial type; 1-2 mm colonies on blood agar
  • Smallest colonies (0.5 mm); Black colonies with gray borders on tellurite medium
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A
  1. Mitis
  2. Gravis
  3. Intermedius
19
Q

Lab diagnosis: Cornebacterium

  • In vivo:
  • In vitro: 3
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A
  • Animal inoculation (guine)
  • ESR
20
Q

Lab diagnosis: Cornebacterium

● (+) redness erythema or rash; Inject intradermally the toxin
● (+) precipitin line; Definitive Test
● (+) animal became sick; Animal (pig) virulence test

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A
  1. Schick’s
  2. Elek’s
  3. Roemer
21
Q

OTHER CORYNEBACTERIUM SPECIES

  1. Formerly group JK; Resistant to a number of antibiotics; Associated with prosthetic valve endocarditis, pneumonia and peritonitis
  2. Hoffman’s bacillus; Normal flora of the throat
  3. Commonly infecting the Conjunctive
  4. Acne; Causing infection on skin
  5. Agent of erythrasma (skin infection); Coral red fluorescence under Wood’s light because of the presence of porphyrins
  6. Mastitis in cattles
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A
  1. C. jeikeium
  2. C. pseduodipthericum
  3. C. xerosis
  4. C. acne
  5. C. minutissimum
  6. C. ulcerans
22
Q
  • Gram (+) rod
  • Motile at Room Temperature
  • Major of infection is contaminated food (cabbage, fruit, dairy products)
Study These Flashcards
A

Listeria monocytogenes

23
Q

LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES

  1. Motility: hanging drop
  2. Motility: Semisolid medium (SIM at 25)
  3. INFECTION
  4. Culture
  5. Serologic test; Organism Inoculated In Conjunctiva of rabbit (+) purulent conjunctivitis
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A
  • Tumbling motility
  • Umbrella like or inverted christmas tree turbidity
  • Granulomatosis infantiseptica or Human listeriosis
  • McBride medium, Cold enrichment at 4°C
  • Ocular Test of Anton
24
Q
  • Gram (+) rod
  • Non-motile
  • Causes cutaneous inflammation of hands and fingers (seal finger or whale finger)
Study These Flashcards
A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

25
* Causes cutaneous inflammation of hands and fingers (seal finger or whale finger) * Aka Butcher’s cut; common in vendors and butchers
* Erysipeloid
26
# E. rhusiopathie * H2S * Catalase * Culture: gelatin stab
* + * - * Test tube brush or bottle brush growth
27
* Doderlein bacillus * Normal flora of the mouth, GI, vaginal canal * Non-pathogenic occupational hazard for meat, poultry, and fish handlers
Lactobacillus acidophilus
28
# Lactobacillus acidophilus * Culture
1. Tomate juice agar
29
* Shirota strain * Found in yakult
Lactobacillus casei
30
* Short, pleomorphic gram (+) bacillus or coccobacillus * Stains gram-variable or gram-negative * Previously known as Hemophilus v. & Corynebacterium v. * Amsel & Nugent Scoring System (Used to diagnose BV)
GARDNERELLA VAGINALIS
31
# GARDNERELLA VAGINALIS Foul smelling Grayish vaginal discharge
Bacterial Vaginosis
32
# GARDNERELLA VAGINALIS TESTS * Visualize clue cells (Epithelial cells studded by bacteria) * Vaginal discharge + 10% KOH; (+) fishy amine-like odor * Culture (2)
* Cytology/Pap's * Whiff/Sniff test * Human blood tween 80 agar, columbia CNA
33
# STREPTOBACILLUS MONOLIFORMIS 1. From animal bite/ scratch 2. Ingestion of contaminated milk
1. Rat bite fever 2. Haverhill fever
34
● Aerobic actinomyces ● Fungus-like bacteria ● Gram (+), aerobic bacteria ● Branching ● Partially acid fast ● Amsel & Nugent Scoring System
Nocardia
35
# Nocardia * Most common specie together with: N. cyriacigeorgica, N. farcinica * This causes actinomycotic mycetomas * This resembles tuberculosis; No sulfur granules (masses of filamentous organisms bound together by calcium phosphate) * 3 species
1. N. asteroides 2. N. barasiliensis 3. Primary pulmonary infection (asteroides) 4. N. asteroides, N. barasiliensis, N. atitidiiscaviarum
36
Aerobic actinomyces, Branching, non-spore forming, infection is similar to nocarrdia
ACTINOMADURA
37
# ACTINOMADURA infection is similar to nocardia
mycetoma | kay brasiliensis
38
Aerobic actinomyces, Branching, non-spore forming, Saprophytes found in soil
STREPTOMYCES
39
# STREPTOMYCES Similar to other aerobic actinomycetes ○ Similar with morphology and the disease
Actinomycotic mycetomas
40
* Diphtheroid gram (+) bacilli * With traces of branching * Non-spore forming * Saprophytes found in soil * Respiratory tract infection in human
RHODOCOCCUS EQUI
41
* Aerobic actinomyces * Branching * Gram (+) actinomycete * Closely related to the gener Rothia, Rhodococcus, Arthrobacter, and Dermatophilus
TROPHERYMA WHIPPLEI
42
# TROPHERYMA WHIPPLEI ● Facultative intracellular pathogen ● First identified by PCR from a duodenal biopsy specimen in 1991
Whipple's disease

MTAP 1: BACTE (23 decks)

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