Spirochetes Flashcards
(32 cards)
● Helically-coiled bacteria transmitted through arthropod vectors
○ Lice & ticks
● Flexible twisted organisms resembling stretched spiral
BORRELIA SPP.
BORRELIA SPP.
- Culture
- Serological test
- Kelly’s medium, Barbour Stoenner-Kelly’s (BSK)
- ELISA, Western blot
BORRELIA SPP.
- agent of Louse-borne relapsing fever
- vector: Human louse (Pediculus humanus)
- manifestations: High fever; Muscle and bone pain; Confusion
BORRELIA RECURRENTIS
BORRELIA SPP.
- Tick-borne relapsing fever
- Ornithodoras ticks
BORRELIA HERMSII / BORRELIA PARKERI
BORRELIA SPP.
- Lyme disease
- Ixoda ticks and deer ticks
BORRELIA BURGDORFERI
BORRELIA BURGDORFERI
In order of stages
A. Dissemination through blood, bones, CNS, heart and liver
B. Erythema chronicum migrans (bull’s
eye rashes)
C. Neurological abnormalities, Arthritis, Skin lesions
BAC
Tightly twisted organism resembling corkscrew
● Associated with Jorisch-Herxheimer reaction
○ Large quantities of toxins are released as the bacterium dies during treatment
TREPONEMA SPP.
TREPONEMA SPP.
- Lab Diagnosis (microscope)
- Treatment
- dark field microscope, Serological tests
- ● Heavy metals
○ Arsenic
○ Arsphenamine
○ Salvarsan
● Drug of choice
○ Penicillin
SPECIES UNDER TREPONEMA SPP.
● Venereal syphilis
○ Seually-transmitted infection
● Great pox
● Evil pox
● French/Italian pox
● Spanish disease
* Hutchinsonian Triad:Notched teeth ➔ Keratitis ➔ Eczema
- Primary (Hard chancre (painless and firm)
- Secondary (Condylomata lata (wart-like lesions)
- Latent [Absence of clinical symptoms (but + in serologic tests)]
- Tertiary (Gummas and neurosyphilis)
TREPONEMA PALLIDUM SUBSP. PALLIDUM
SPECIES UNDER TREPONEMA SPP.
● Agent of Yaws
● Chronic non-venereal disease of skin and bones
Transmission:
● Direct contact of traumatized skin with infected lesion
T. pallidum subsp. pertenue
SPECIES UNDER TREPONEMA SPP.
● Agent of Bejel
● Non-venereal syphilis and
endemic syphilis
Transmission:
● Mouth to mouth by utensils
T. pallidum subsp. endecume
SPECIES UNDER TREPONEMA SPP.
● Agent of Pinta
● Ulcerative skin disease
Transmission:
● Direct contact of traumatized skin
with infected lesion
T. carateum
Tightly twisted with one or both ends bent into a hook
LEPTOSPIRA SPP.
LEPTOSPIRA SPP.
- Non-pathogenic; Found in water and soil
- Agent of Leptospirosis (in humans and animals); Weil’s disease is the severe form of leptospirosis
- L. biflexa
- L. interrogans
PRINCIPAL LEPTOSPIRAL DISEASES
- icterohemorrhagiae
- canicola
- autumnalis
- grippotyphosa
- hebdomadis
- mitis / pomona
- Weil’s disease
* Infectious jaundice
* Fo’rt Bragg or pretibial fever
* Marsch fever
* 7-day fever
* Swine-herd’s disease
PRINCIPAL LEPTOSPIRAL DISEASES
- CULTURE
- MEDIA
- Blood (early infection); Urine (2nd week)
- Ellinghausen-McCullough-Johnso n-Harris; Fletcher’s & Stuart’s (6-8 weeks)
CHLAMYDIA SPP.
- Psittacosis / Ornithosis (disease of birds, parrots, parakeets and cockroaches); Inhalation of contaminated aerosols or fomites
- Associated with mild respiratory tract infections; TWAR (Taiwan Acute Respiratory) strain
- CHLAMYDIA PSITTACI
- CHLAMYDIA PNEUMONIAE
● Formerly Bedsonia (“large virus”) ○ It is now classified as a
bacteria
● Obligate intracellular
○ Similar with treponema whipplei
● Gram negative
○ Like CW; binary fission
● Infectious particle: elementary bodies
CHLAMYDIA SPP.
CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS SUBTYPE
- ● Endemic trachoma (multiple/persistent infections that leads to blindness); Inclusion conjunctivitis
- ● Urethritis, Cervicitis, Pelvic inflammatory disease, Epididymitis, Infant pneumonia
- ● Lymphogranuloma venereum (sexually-transmitted)
- A, B, Ba, C
- D to K
- L1, L2, L3
CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS SUBTYPE
- Culture:
- Delayed hypersensitivity skin test for LGV
● Culture: McCoy’s cell
● FREI’s test: Delayed hypersensitivity skin test for LGV
● Smallest free-living organism
● Formerly known as pleuropneumonia-like organisms (PPLOs)
● Found in plants and animals
● Gram negative
● Causing pleuropneumonia in cattles
MYCOPLASMA SPP.
SPECIES UNDER MYCOPLASMA SPP.
- ● Eaton’s agent; Cause of community-acquired pneumonia and tracheobronchitis in children and young adults; Primary atypical pneumonia or Walking pneumonia
- Genital mycoplasma; Colonize adults asymptomatically; Cause of nongonococcal urethritis in males
- Agent of salpingitis and postpartal fever in females; Salpingitis is an inflammation in fallopian tube
- M. pneumoniae
- M. ureaplasma urealyticum
- M. hominis
M. ureaplasma urealyticum & M. hominis
- Culture: Appears as fried-egg
- Serologic test
- Shepard’s / A7B / ε-Agar
- Cold agglutinin (anti-I)
Gram (-) obligate intracellular bacteria
● Coxiella: cannot survive outside animal host or insect vector except C. burnetti
● Are grouped based on the fever it causes
RICKETTSIAE SPP.
● Rickettsia
● Ehlichia
● Coxiella
● Rochalimea
