Alexander III’s Attitude To And Imposition Of Autocracy Flashcards
(15 cards)
What was the Law on exceptional measures?
It was passed in 1881 and made it possible for a Commander in Chief to impose martial law over a region and using military courts and arbitrary powers of imprisonment
How did Alexander III take back significant control over the countryside?
By creating a new office called Land Captains who had the power to override the zemstvo
What election rules were changed in 1890?
The election rules for zemstvo were changed to reduce the peasant’s vote
What election rules were changed in 1891?
The election rules for the town Dumas were changed to reduce the electorate to property owners and university graduates were banned from standing for election
What happened to zemstvo, mayors and town councillors?
They were all made state employees under central government direction
What was Von Plehve put in charge of?
Policing and the Okhrana
What happened to the police?
The number of police was increased and the new criminal investigation departments set up
What did the statute for police surveillance do?
It was introduced in 1882 and increased the authorities powers to arrest, detain and exile those who were deemed a risk to public security and even friends and family remembers of revolutionaries
What was there a drive for?
To recruit spies and agents provocateurs to identify and incriminate revolutionaries and other opponents to the regime
What was the Minister for Justice given after 1885?
They were given the power to recruit and dismiss judges, this undermined the independence of the judiciary
What judicial anti-reforms were introduced after 1887?
The property and education qualifications for jurors were increased, closed court sessions were introduced with no reporting or observers and judges were given more prescriptive advice on how to apply the law
What happened to volost courts?
Volost courts in the countryside were out under the direct jurisdiction of the Land Captains
What happened to university appointments after 1884?
They were put under the direct approval of the minister for education, student gatherings of more than five were banned, and university syllabi were closely monitored by the state
What anti reforms were introduced to education?
It was put back under state control and children from the lowest classes were restricted to only a primary school education and university fees were increased to discourage attendance from lower classes
