Attempts At Domestic Reform (Judiciary And Military) Flashcards
(20 cards)
When did the reform of the judicial system begin?
1864
What principle was established regarding the accused in the judicial reform?
Assumed innocent until proven guilty
What right was granted to the accused in court under the judicial reform?
Right to employ a lawyer
What type of trial was instituted for criminal cases?
Trial by jury- jurors were selected from property owners
What was the role of judges in the new judicial system?
All criminal cases took place before a judge, the judge had been appointed by the tsar but was given proper training and salary
Who were Justices of the Peace elected by?
Zemstvo
How often were Justices of the Peace elected?
Every three years
What was the status of Justices of the Peace in relation to political control?
Independent
What could be recorded and published from court proceedings?
Proceedings of the court were recorded and then published in newspapers
In which publication were national trials published?
The Russian Courier
At what age was conscription made for all classes in the army?
21
What was the new length of active service in the army after reform?
15 years, with 10 years as a reserve
What was abolished in the army as part of the reforms?
Military colonies
What changes were made to punishments in the army?
Less severe/more humane
What improvements were made for soldiers’ welfare?
Better food provisioning and medical facilities and education increased
What increased in the army due to educational improvements?
Literacy rates
What new command structure was introduced in the military?
Allowed non-noble soldiers to progress into officer ranks based on merit and experience
What type of institutions were set up to train officers?
Military colleges
What was heavily invested in to modernize the military?
Modern weaponry and equipment to replace outdated and inefficient technology
Were courts open?
Yes they were open to the public and press
